An analytic review of geomagnetically induced current effects in power system

Patel, Krishna; Patel, Jay; Mehta, R.S.; Rathod, S.B.; Rajput, Vipul N.; Pandya, Kartik S.

doi:10.1109/iceeot.2016.7755445

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This can result in adverse effects in a number of ground-and space-based technologies, as well as posing a threat to the health of astronauts and flight crew and passengers (Baker, 1998). In particular, this substorm cycle of tail lobe energy storage and release can result in enhanced ionospheric currents which can in turn lead to geomagnetically induced currents (GICs), a quasi-DC signal, flowing through ground infrastructure such as power grids and pipelines (Patel et al, 2016;Cannon et al, 2016). An induced DC current in AC power transformers may create a half cycle saturation leading to degradation and breakdown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Variation of Geomagnetic Storm Duration with Intensity

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Variability in the near-Earth solar wind conditions can adversely affect a number of ground-and space-based technologies. Such space-weather impacts on ground infrastructure are expected to increase primarily with geomagnetic storm intensity, but also storm duration, through time-integrated effects. Forecasting storm duration is also necessary for scheduling the resumption of safe operating of affected infrastructure. It is therefore important to understand the degree to which storm intensity and duration are correlated. The long-running, global geomagnetic disturbance index, aa, has recently been recalibrated to account for the geographic distribution of the component stations. We use this aa H index to analyse the relationship between geomagnetic storm intensity and storm duration over the past 150 years, further adding to our understanding of the climatology of geomagnetic activity. Defining storms using a peak-above-threshold approach, we find that more intense storms have longer durations, as expected, though the relationship is nonlinear. The distribution of durations for a given intensity is found to be approximately log-normal. On this basis, we provide a method to probabilistically predict storm duration given peak intensity, and test this against the aa H dataset. By considering the average profile of storms with a superposed-epoch analysis, we show that activity becomes less recurrent on the 27-day timescale with increasing intensity. This change in the dominant physical driver, and hence average profile, of geomagnetic activity with increasing threshold is likely the reason for the nonlinear behaviour of storm duration.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Variation of Geomagnetic Storm Duration with Intensity

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Due to this variation, a geoelectric field is induced on the surface of the Earth, and it causes a geomagnetically induced current (GIC) [5][6][7][8]. This GIC is a very low-frequency quasi-dc current (less than 1 Hz) with typical amplitudes of 10-15 A and up to 300 A peak current for 1-2 min that flows along conductors and modern technological infrastructure, such as communication systems [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22], oil and gas pipelines [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] and power transmission lines [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. Power transmission systems are the most affected technological conductor systems among those impacted by a GIC [29,40], and the first recorded GIC effects on such a system was in America on the 24 th of March 1940 [18,[39][40][41][42].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These collisions result in ionization of the atmospheric layer and create an electromagnetic signal that might interact with electrical power networks and lead to GIC [120,121]. Several reviews regarding GMD and GIC effects and modelling of power systems have been performed by other researchers [22,39,46,[122][123][124][125]. However, much significant information has been neglected, and none of the studies have covered the phenomenon in a comprehensive manner.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, much significant information has been neglected, and none of the studies have covered the phenomenon in a comprehensive manner. For example, in [22], brief information has been presented regarding GIC effects, modelling and blocking devices. In [39], a book chapter has been presented and has mostly focused on only the extreme GICs and their impacts on the different technological systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Review of Geomagnetically Induced Current Effects on Electrical Power System: Principles and Theory

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Geomagnetically induced current (GIC) has been a significant concern for the electrical power grid in high latitudes for decades. Its origin starts in the Sun; during extreme space weather, the magnetic field of the Earth varies rapidly. This variation induces electric fields at the Earth's surface and leads to GICs in manmade technologies. Power systems are the most affected by this induced current, which causes halfcycle saturation of power transformers and other issues. Understanding the behaviours and chain effects of this phenomenon is the key consideration in modelling the hazards to technological systems from space weather. In this paper, a comprehensive review of space weather, geomagnetic disturbances (GMDs) and GICs and their impacts on the power systems in both high and mid-low latitude regions is presented. Additionally, we highlight the most commonly used methods to model and calculate geoelectric fields at the Earth's surface and GIC in the power systems with respect to DC and AC analysis. In addition, we have classified the GIC effects on the different power system components. Moreover, the possible solutions and mitigation techniques to eliminate or reduce these effects based on different GIC blocking devices are reviewed in this work. This work provides researchers and power system operators a shortcut road path to understanding GIC phenomena, modelling and calculations, effects, and mitigation of these effects.

show abstract

“…Over the last few decades, magnetic storms have caused a number of local collapses of electrical systems, especially in the Nordic countries. A rich bibliography (see, for example, [3][4][5][6]) refers to it, the authors of which are mainly the operators of the affected systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct currents in power transformers

Štork¹,

Mayer

2019

Journal of Electrical Engineering

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The article is devoted to the physical nature of geomagnetism, magnetic storms and methods of predicting their origin and deals with geomagnetic induced currents called GIC (Geomagnetically Induced Currents) and their effect on power transformers. A simplified, single-phase transmission system is described mathematically and its analysis was performed. Also the phenomenon of periodic semi-saturation of the magnetic circuit of the transformers resulting in current overload of the transformer windings, which can lead to thermal damage of the windings is explained. In addition, there is a significant deformation of the currents in the electrical system. The numerical solution of the system was verified by measurement on an electrical model.

show abstract

An analytic review of geomagnetically induced current effects in power system

Cited by 9 publications

References 14 publications

The Variation of Geomagnetic Storm Duration with Intensity

The Variation of Geomagnetic Storm Duration with Intensity

A Review of Geomagnetically Induced Current Effects on Electrical Power System: Principles and Theory

Direct currents in power transformers

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About