An analytical approach based on X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry to characterize Egyptian embalming materials

Łucejko, Jeannette Jacqueline; Lluveras‐Tenorio, Anna; Modugno, Francesca; Ribechini, Erika; Colombini, Maria Perla

doi:10.1016/j.microc.2012.01.014

Cited by 35 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…A Jasco FT-IR-460 plus spectrometer (Jasco, Japan) was used for the analysis. The sum of 128 scans with a resolution of 2 cm −1 was used to obtain the spectra, which are collected from 4000 to 400 cm −1 as set up in previous works [24].…”

Section: Structure Of Sterilized Sa Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of gamma irradiation and moist heat for sterilization on sodium alginate

Yang

Tan

et al. 2014

Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering

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Polysaccharides, such as alginates, are already being used as carriers for drug delivery. The physicochemical and biological properties of alginates may be affected via irradiation and thermal treatments. To explore and compare effects of two kinds of sterilization methods, gamma irradiation and moist heat, on sodium alginate (SA), physicochemical and biological properties of SA powder and solutions were investigated after sterilization. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) was used to assess the cytotoxicity of the SA after sterilization. The research showed that 25 kGy gamma ray can effectively sterilize microorganism. Both gamma irradiation and moist heat hardly affect the native pH of SA. Compared to irradiation sterilization, moist heat sterilization showed smaller changes in intrinsic viscosity for all SA samples and lead to less glycosidic bond breaking of SA powders. The moist heat sterilization can cause the main chain scission and double bonds formation of the SA solutions. Cytotoxicity studies demonstrated that sterilized SA powers and SA solutions treated by gamma ray sterilization can increase the viability of HUVEC. However, SA solutions treated by moist heat sterilization were found to present severe cytotoxicity. The research results may provide interesting future advancements toward the development of SA-based products for biomedical applications.

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Section: Structure Of Sterilized Sa Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of gamma irradiation and moist heat for sterilization on sodium alginate

Yang

Tan

et al. 2014

Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering

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“…sample OM S4). Embalming material from the abdominal cavity of the older child (sample OM S4; Fig 5B) resembled the other samples by and large, but also had indicators of waxy substances based on ATR-FT-IR analysis (possibly beeswax) [58,59]. The latter was supported by ESI-FT-ICR-MS analysis detecting triacontanyl palmitate, one of the major components in beeswax (Fig 6A).…”

Section: Embalming Materialsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…SEM-EDS analysis of a sample from the abdominal cavity (OM S4) showed that Na 2 SO 4 , probably sodium chlorite (NaClO 2 ) and very small traces of mineral impurities, were present. Sodium sulphate and other sodium salts like sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and sodium chloride are in the composition of a naturally occurring salt called natron, which was used as a dehydrating agent for drying the body during mummification [59,67]. Inorganic substances were also detected on and under the nail of the younger mummy with the EDS spectra indicating the iron-containing silicates (elements Fe, Al, Si, O), different sulphates (e.g.…”

Section: Embalming Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multidisciplinary investigation of two Egyptian child mummies curated at the University of Tartu Art Museum, Estonia (Late/Graeco-Roman Periods)

et al. 2020

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Two ancient Egyptian child mummies at the University of Tartu Art Museum (Estonia) were, according to museum records, brought to Estonia by the young Baltic-German scholar Otto Friedrich von Richter, who had travelled in Egypt during the early 19th century. Although some studies of the mummies were conducted, a thorough investigation has never been made. Thus, an interdisciplinary team of experts studied the remains using the most recent analytical methods in order to provide an exhaustive analysis of the remains. The bodies were submitted for osteological and archaeothanatological study, radiological investigation, AMS radiocarbon dating, chemical and textile analyses, 3D modelling, entomological as well as aDNA investigation. Here we synthesize the results of one of the most extensive multidisciplinary analyses of ancient Egyptian child mummies, adding significantly to our knowledge of such examples of ancient funerary practices.

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“…Embalming and other mummification phenomena are well-documented, worldwide with much of both the scientific and the archaeohistoric academic literature documenting the best surviving examples of embalming from pharaonic dynasties of Egypt (Łucejko et al, 2012;Ménager et al, 2014;Nicholson and Shaw, 2000), and mummification has also been evidenced in Bronze Age in Britain (Parker Pearson et al, 2005). Our paper will present another example of embalming practice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embalmed heads of the Celtic Iron Age in the south of France

Ghezal

Ciesielski

Girard

et al. 2019

Journal of Archaeological Science

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Ancient texts described that one of the most impressive ritual practices of the Celts during the Iron Age was to remove the heads of enemies killed in battle and to embalm them for display in front of the victors dwellings. An archaeological settlement excavation site in Le Cailar, in southern France, has revealed a considerable number of examples of this practice. It was documented by Classical authors and later by the archaeological recording of iconographic representations and skeletal remains of human heads. Weapons were also exhibited alongside the severed heads. Here we report the results of chemical investigations for the characterization of the biomarkers of embalming that are likely to be present in eleven fragments of these human cranial remains. These results may lead to answers to some of the archaeometric questions related to the subject of embalming in 3rd century BC Transalpine Gaul, thus advancing the knowledge of these ritual practices, documented by Greek Classical authors as part of the wider research into the proto-historic societies of the Mediterranean coastal region.

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An analytical approach based on X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry to characterize Egyptian embalming materials

Cited by 35 publications

References 15 publications

Effects of gamma irradiation and moist heat for sterilization on sodium alginate

Effects of gamma irradiation and moist heat for sterilization on sodium alginate

Multidisciplinary investigation of two Egyptian child mummies curated at the University of Tartu Art Museum, Estonia (Late/Graeco-Roman Periods)

Embalmed heads of the Celtic Iron Age in the south of France

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