An analytical model for S-ALOHA performance evaluation in M2M networks

Abstract

Abstract-The S-ALOHA (i.e. slotted-ALOHA) protocol is recently regaining interest in Lower Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) handling M2M traffic. Despite intensive studies since the birth of S-ALOHA, the special features of M2M traffic and requirements highlight the importance of analytical models taking into account performance-affecting factors and giving a thorough performance evaluation. Fulfilling this necessity is the main focus of this paper: we jointly consider the impact of capture effect, diversity of transmit power levels with imperfect power control. We propose a low-complexity but still accurate analytical model capable of evaluating S-ALOHA in terms of packet loss rate, throughput, energy-efficiency and average number of transmissions. The proposed model is able to facilitate dimensioning and design of S-ALOHA based LPWAN. The comparison between simulation and analytical results confirms the accuracy of our proposed model. The design guides about S-ALOHA based LPWAN deduced from our model are: the imperfect power control can be positive with capture effect and and appropriate transmit power diversity strategy. The transmit power diversity strategy should be determined by jointly considering network charges level, power control precision and capture ratio to achieve optimal performance of S-ALOHA.

Performance Evaluation of Channel Access Methods for Dedicated IoT Networks

“…Regarding dedicated IoT networks, two recent studies [18], [19] evaluate the performance of Aloha-based techniques. Li et al [18] take a stochastic geometry approach, focusing on throughput and on the outage probability of a station, defined as the probability that a station observes a signal to noise and interference ratio (SINR) above a certain threshold.…”

“…Li et al [18] take a stochastic geometry approach, focusing on throughput and on the outage probability of a station, defined as the probability that a station observes a signal to noise and interference ratio (SINR) above a certain threshold. Song et al [19] argue that packet delivery ratio is a more suitable metric in IoT use-cases, and they study the performance of slotted-Aloha with respect to this metric. However, the only parameter considered in [19] is the packet arrival rate.…”

“…Song et al [19] argue that packet delivery ratio is a more suitable metric in IoT use-cases, and they study the performance of slotted-Aloha with respect to this metric. However, the only parameter considered in [19] is the packet arrival rate.…”

“…However, this type of mathematical modeling usually requires some important simplifications: e.g. the use of slotted-Aloha instead of Aloha [19], independence of retransmissions [16], or simplified CSMA/CA back-off [9]. Instead, we propose a thorough simulation study, removing most of these artificial assumptions, in order to evaluate different MAC solutions in dedicated IoT networks.…”

Analysis of macro diversity based on maximum ratio combining in long range ALOHA networks

“…A numerical technique is presented in [18,19] to calculate F Θ (θ) from φ Θ (ω). Its key idea is to calculate the Fourier transform of e −ηθ F Θ (x) where e −ηθ is a damping function with η > 0.…”