An Ancient DNA Perspective on Horse Evolution

Orlando, Ludovic

doi:10.1007/13836_2018_23

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 133 publications

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“…Unfortunately, enamel fold morphology of the occlusal surface is not diagnostic in premolars, and so the specimen could have belonged to a hemione (Equus hemionus), a European wild ass (Equus hydruntinus) or an African wild ass (Equus africanus). The first two species are very close genetically, and their dental morphology is extremely variable (Orlando 2019). Two of the equid specimens, an atlas (NR-0327, Layer 5) and a proximal metapodial fragment (NR-0709, Layer 7b), bear cut marks.…”

Section: Taxonomic Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Faunal remains from the Upper Paleolithic site of Nahal Rahaf 2 in the southern Judean Desert, Israel

Marom¹,

Gnezdilov²,

Shafir³

et al. 2022

Peer Community Journal

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Nahal Rahaf 2 (NR2) is an Early Upper Paleolithic (ca. 35 kya) rock shelter in the southern Judean Desert in Israel. Two excavation seasons in 2019 and 2020 revealed a stratigraphical sequence composed of intact archaeological surfaces attributed to the 'Arkov-Divshon' cultural entity of the arid southern Levant. We present the faunal assemblages from the site, which are rare among the desert sites due to preservation problems. Our results suggest that the residents of the site exploited prime adult caprines (Capra cf. Capra ibex), but were also engaged in hunting of gazelles (Gazella cf. Gazella gazella), whose carcasses were selectively transported to the site and processed for within-bone nutrients. Long-range hunting trips are suggested by the body-part selection in relatively small bovids, and by the presence of species representing wetter habitat patches 20-30 km north of the site. The bi-focal emphasis on generalized gazelle and age-specific caprine hunting, is unique among Late Pleistocene sites from the Levant. The proportion of caprines increases through the stratigraphic sequence, suggesting more specialized economy through time and in inverse relations to site use intensity.

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Section: Taxonomic Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Faunal remains from the Upper Paleolithic site of Nahal Rahaf 2 in the southern Judean Desert, Israel

Marom¹,

Gnezdilov²,

Shafir³

et al. 2022

Peer Community Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Admixture in Mammals and How to Understand Its Functional Implications

2019

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Admixture, the genetic exchange between differentiated populations appears to be common in the history of species, but has not yet been comparatively studied across mammals. This limits the understanding of its mechanisms and potential role in mammalian evolution. The authors want to summarize the current knowledge on admixture in non-human primates, and suggest that it is important to establish a comparative framework for this phenomenon in humans. Genetic observations in domesticated mammals and their wild counterparts are discussed, and a brief global overview on other clades is presented. Based on this, some of the consequences of gene flow, including incompatibilities and their genomic footprint, as well as adaptive introgression are discussed, and suggestions for a functional genomics approach are made. It is proposed that the field is moving beyond descriptive observations in single species, to a comprehensive analysis of admixture and its impact. Admixture is becoming an integral part of mammalian evolution.

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