An Angiotensin I-converting Enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory Peptide Derived from Chicken Collagen Hydrolysate Lowers Blood Pressure in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Functional and bioactive properties of collagen and gelatin from alternative sources: A review

“…Many of the ACE inhibitory peptides isolated from collagenous sources have already been tested in vivo, and an antihypertensive effect has been reported. SHR experienced a significant decrease in blood pressure following oral administration of both a chicken leg collagen hydrolysate and the isolated octapeptide Gly-Ala-Hyp-Gly-Leu-Hyp-Gly-Pro (Cheng et al, 2009;Iwai, Saiga-Egusa, Hayakawa, Shimizu, Takahata & Morimatsu, 2008;Saiga et al, 2008). Furthermore, Faria, da Costa, Gontijo and Netto (2008) found that bovine and porcine collagen hydrolysates produced a considerable reduction in blood pressure in SHR after oral administration.…”

“…However, outbreaks of mad cow disease and the banning of collagen from pig skin and bone in some regions for religious reasons have made it necessary to find new marine or poultry sources, that are safer and healthier for consumers. Normally discarded collagenous materials from the poultry and fish processing industries, have been found to be valuable sources of hydrolysates and peptides with bioactive properties (Cheng, Liu, Wan, Lin & Sakata, 2008;Nam, You & Kim, 2008;Saiga et al, 2008;Cheng, Wan, Liu, Chen, Lin & Sakata, 2009). These collagenous materials may include skins, tunics, bones, fins and scales.…”

“…An ultrafiltration membrane system could be a useful and industrially advantageous method for obtaining peptide fractions with a desired molecular size and a higher bioactivity, depending on the composition of the starting hydrolysate and the activity being studied (Jeon et al, 1999;Korhonen & Pihlanto, 2003;Cinq-Mars & Li-Chan, 2007;Picot et al, 2010). This system has been successfully applied in the fractionation and functional characterization of gelatin hydrolysates from squid or cobia skins (Lin & Li, 2006;; and also as a first step in the isolation and further purification of bioactive peptides from both non-collagenous and collagenous sources (Kim et al, 2001a;Mendis et al, 2005a;Saiga et al, 2008;Alemán, Giménez, Pérez-Santín, Gómez-Guillén & Montero, 2011b;Hernández-Ledesma, Amigo, Ramos & Recio, 2004;Hernández-Ledesma, Dávalos, Bartolomé & Amigo, 2005;Hai-Lun, Xiu-Lan,Cai-Yun, Yu-Zhong & Bai-Cheng, 2006).…”

“…Collagen and gelatin have also been shown to be good sources of antihypertensive peptides by enzymatic digestion, despite not having been so extensively studied as other sources. Potent ACE inhibitory hydrolysates and peptides have been obtained from collagenous materials, not only from land-based sources such as porcine skin collagen (Anzai et al, 1997;Ichimura, Yamanaka, Otsuka, Yamashita & Maruyama, 2009), bovine skin gelatin (Kim, Byun, Park & Shahidi, 2001c), chicken legs and leg bone (Saiga et al, 2008;Cheng et al, 2009), but also from marine sources such as fish skins (Byun & Kim, 2001;Park, Kim, Kang, Park & Kim, 2009;Nagai, Nagashima, Abe & Suzuki, 2006), fish cartilage (Nagai et al, 2006), scales (Fahmi, Morimura, Guo, Shigematsu, Kida & Uemura, 2004), squid tunics (Alemán et al, 2011b) and sea cucumbers (Zhao et al, 2007). The peptide sequences identified from collagenous materials are shown in Table 2.…”

“…The ACE inhibitory activity described for collagen and gelatin hydrolysates and peptides may be related to the high concentration of hydrophobic amino acids, as well as to high Pro levels. This amino acid seems to be one of the most effective for increasing ACE inhibitory activity and has been identified in many of the naturally occurring ACE peptide inhibitors (Gómez-Ruiz, Ramos & Recio, 2004ab;Quirós et al, 2007;Pihlanto, Akkanen & Korhonen, 2008;Contreras, Carrón, Montero, Ramos & Recio, 2009), especially in those derived from collagenous sources (Table 2) (Byun & Kim, 2001;Kim et al, 2001c;Saiga et al, 2008;Ichimura et al, 2009;Shimizu et al, 2010;Alemán et al, 2011b).…”