“…In the literature, vehicle routing problems can be structured differently according to various constraints, such as capacitated VRP [120][121][122][123][124][125][126], the VRP with heterogeneous fleet of vehicles [127], open VRP [128][129][130][131], VRP with time windows [132][133][134][135][136][137][138], VPR with both pick-up and delivery [139][140][141][142][143][144], location routing problem [145][146][147], period VRP [148][149][150][151], multidepot VRP [152][153][154][155][156], VRP with backhaul [157][158][159], inventory routing problem [160][161][162][163], dynamic VRP [164], or the mixture [165][166]…”