An anti-swelling, strong and flexible wood-based composite hydrogel as strain sensor

Yue, Dong; Pan, Nana; Zhu, Minghao; Tang, Miao; Wu, Yue; You, Zhenping; Zhou, Xiaoyan; Chen, Minzhi

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2022.115491

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…There is no doubt that the RF/PAA DN gel is an excellent material for underwater sensor applications, as they outperform other swell‐resistant gels reported in the literature in terms of swell rate and mechanical properties underwater (Figure 8c and Table S3, Supporting Information). [ 31,33,77–83 ]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is no doubt that the RF/PAA DN gel is an excellent material for underwater sensor applications, as they outperform other swell-resistant gels reported in the literature in terms of swell rate and mechanical properties underwater (Figure 8c and Table S3, Supporting Information). [31,33,[77][78][79][80][81][82][83] Due to its mechanical strength and resistance to swelling, we developed a communication device for underwater sensing. Inspired by the ability to detect finger movement, the RF/PAA DN gel sensor is fixed to the finger to monitor its bending movement underwater (Figure 8e).…”

Section: Underwater Adaptability and Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tough and Stretchable Phenolic‐Reinforced Double Network Deep Eutectic Solvent gels for Multifunctional Sensors with Environmental Adaptability

Fan

Pan

et al. 2023

Adv Funct Materials

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Conductive gels are perfect for various sensor applications due to their inherent stretchability, flexibility, and electrical conductivity. However, their poor environmental adaptability and low fracture toughness restrict their potential applications. In this study, resorcinol‐formaldehyde resin (RF) is used for the first time as a rigid network compounded with a flexible polyacrylic acid (PAA) network to successfully prepare a double network (DN) deep eutectic solvent gel (RF/PAA DN gel). The gel has high stress strength (1.04 MPa), compressive strength (10.63 MPa), and toughness (1.07 MJ m−3). The addition of RF significantly improves the mechanical properties and gives the RF/PAA DN gel certain photothermal effects, swelling resistance, and flame retardancy, broadening the scope of use and application of the gel. Importantly, as a multifunctional sensor, it can combine deformation sensing, temperature sensing, optical sensing, humidity sensing, and underwater sensing into one, with a wide range of stimuli responses and excellent sensing properties. Excellent environmental suitability also allows its use in a wide range of temperatures (−20−90 °C), humidity (55%−90% RH), underwater, and in fire conditions. The work provides new ideas for choosing rigid networks and a novel strategy for developing multifunctional sensors with excellent performance in complex environments.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Underwater Adaptability and Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tough and Stretchable Phenolic‐Reinforced Double Network Deep Eutectic Solvent gels for Multifunctional Sensors with Environmental Adaptability

Fan

Pan

et al. 2023

Adv Funct Materials

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“…Compared to that of other antiswelling hydrogels, the swelling ratio of wood-based composite hydrogels increased by 9.0%. 28 The result indicates that the PAM/TA composite hydrogels have antiswellable performance. Meanwhile, the water content of the PAM/TA composite hydrogels was studied underwater for a long time.…”

Section: Conductivity Of the Pam/ta Composite Hydrogelmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…As a unique class of polymeric materials, hydrogels with 3D cross-linked network structures can absorb a large amount of water, , which have potential applications in biomedicine, bioelectronics, energy, and water treatment. − However, the swelling of conventional hydrogels has largely hindered their underwater applications. − Polymers are dramatically plasticized in swelling, which greatly destroys their mechanical properties and leads to deformation or destruction of the original morphology. − In addition, chemical cross-linking in the hydrogels makes them difficult to recycle . Therefore, it is highly desirable to develop a conductive, antiswellable, and recyclable hydrogel with superior mechanical strength and versatile function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…49 PAM exhibits characteristic peaks of C−H bond on the long alkyl chain (2925 cm −1 ), N− H bond (3430 cm −1 ) on the secondary amine, amide I (1660 cm −1 ), and amide II (1600 cm −1 ) [Figure 2B(b)]. 28 The PAM/TA composite hydrogel [Figure 2B(c)] exhibits the peaks of −OH bond (3340 cm −1 ), C�O bond (1720 cm −1 ), and C−O bond (1450 cm −1 ) from TA as well as the N−H bond (3444 cm −1 ) from secondary amine of PAM. Compared to the −OH stretch peak of TA, the −OH stretch peak of the PAM/TA composite hydrogel had moved to a lower wavenumber, indicating that strong hydrogen bonds had formed between PAM and TA.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Antiswellable, Conductive, and Recyclable Coacervate Polyacrylamide/Tannic Acid Composite Hydrogel for Underwater Wearable Sensors

Tang,

Lin,

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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Hydrogel-based sensors have attracted increasing attention as fascinating materials for various applications in biomedicine and bioelectronics. However, the application of strain sensors underwater remains a great challenge due to the swelling of hydrogels in an aqueous environment. Herein, we report a coacervate conductive polyacrylamide/tannic acid (PAM/TA) composite hydrogel with strong antiswellable properties. The PAM/TA composite hydrogel exhibits a good electrical performance, where the conductivity is found to be 2.7 × 10 −4 S/cm, which is stable during recycling, with an excellent stretchability of 1000% at a tensile strength of 1.5 MPa. The composite hydrogel shows excellent biocompatibility and antiswellable behavior and maintains long-term stability underwater to monitor human movements. In addition, the environmentally friendly composite hydrogel can be recycled repeatedly. The PAM/TA composite hydrogel with excellent antiswelling and stability, good electrical performance, and remarkable stretchability has great potential for the applications as underwater wearable sensors.

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All Wood‐Based Water Evaporation‐Induced Electricity Generator

Lin,

Zhang,

Lin

et al. 2024

Adv Funct Materials

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Water evaporation‐induced electricity generators (WEIGs) are promising as self‐powered electronic devices, as they can harvest green, small‐grade, and ubiquitous hydrovoltaic energy in ambient environment to electricity. Here, biodegradable wood‐based WEIGs with high performance are reported by removing lignin and hemicellulose from balsa wood (BW) with more exposed cellulose nanofibrils. Delignified BW (DBW) and cellulosic BW (CBW) display significant enhance in open circuit potential (Voc) and short circuit current (Isc) due to increased specific surface area, hydrophilicity, and surface charge density. The electricity‐generating performance of CBW‐based WEIG (CBWG) is not stable due to its structural collapse. DBW‐based WEIG (DBWG) shows a steady electricity output and fast responsivity to ambient environments, such as humidity, temperature, light, and wind. Therefore, DBWGs can be employed as self‐powered environmental sensors. The effects of different kinds of electrolytes with varied concentrations on the performance of DBWG are also studied. The DBWG (40 mm × 40 mm × 2 mm) displays a Voc of 0.77 V and Isc of 148 µA in 1.2 m CaCl2 solution. In this study, all wood‐based sustainable WEIGs with high electricity generating performance are facilely prepared and are promising for remote self‐powered environmental sensors and power sources.

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An anti-swelling, strong and flexible wood-based composite hydrogel as strain sensor

Cited by 13 publications

References 45 publications

Tough and Stretchable Phenolic‐Reinforced Double Network Deep Eutectic Solvent gels for Multifunctional Sensors with Environmental Adaptability

Tough and Stretchable Phenolic‐Reinforced Double Network Deep Eutectic Solvent gels for Multifunctional Sensors with Environmental Adaptability

Antiswellable, Conductive, and Recyclable Coacervate Polyacrylamide/Tannic Acid Composite Hydrogel for Underwater Wearable Sensors

All Wood‐Based Water Evaporation‐Induced Electricity Generator

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