An Antigenic Analysis Using Monoclonal Antibodies of Influenza A (H3N2) Viruses Isolated from an Epidemic in a Semi-closed Community

Oxford, John; Salum, Sonia Brieux de; Corcoran, T.; Smith, Alyson; Grilli, E. A.; Schild, G. C.

doi:10.1099/0022-1317-67-2-265

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Molecular characterisation of the HA1 subunit of the H3N2 viruses isolated during the 2003 SAPS Training College outbreak in Pretoria showed that they were identical and shared a high homology with the A/Trieste/ 2/03 strain from Italy. Genetic variants have been described in some studies of outbreaks of influenza A viruses isolated during single epidemics [Oxford et al, 1986;]. Based on the findings here, however, there was no evidence of the introduction of new viruses from the community prior to the quarantine measures that were implemented.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 41%

Antigenic and molecular analysis of influenza A (H3N2) virus strains isolated from a localised influenza outbreak in South Africa in 2003

Besselaar

Botha

McAnerney

et al. 2004

Journal of Medical Virology

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A severe acute institutional influenza outbreak occurred in a police residential college in Pretoria amongst new recruits and staff members at the end of May 2003. The outbreak was characterised by marked illness which affected a total of 648 students, 26 of whom were admitted to hospital. Symptoms included pyrexia, severe headache, and myalgia. The attack rate per dormitory building ranged from 20 to 47%, with an overall attack rate of 34%. Throat swabs and bronchoalveolar lavage specimens were sent to the National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) from 20 patients. All were positive for influenza A by multiplex PCR and/or indirect immunofluorescence, and were further identified as subtype H3N2. Additional specimens from sporadic influenza cases in Johannesburg and surrounding areas were collected through the NICD active viral surveillance programme for respiratory viral testing and were also positive for influenza A H3N2 viruses. Viruses isolated from patients from both the institutional outbreak as well as from sporadic cases were analysed both antigenically and at the molecular level to determine the characteristics of the influenza strain responsible for the epidemic. The results showed clearly that the outbreak was caused by the introduction in 2003 into South Africa of the novel A/Fujian/411/02-like H3N2 influenza strain, which is antigenically distinct from the A/Panama/2007/99 vaccine strain. The rapid spread of these variant viruses to the southern hemisphere indicates that the H3N2 component of the influenza vaccine needs to be updated for the 2004 southern hemisphere winter.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 41%

Antigenic and molecular analysis of influenza A (H3N2) virus strains isolated from a localised influenza outbreak in South Africa in 2003

Besselaar

Botha

McAnerney

et al. 2004

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…Antigenic variation is extensive among viruses as diverse as influenza viruses (Webster et al, 1982;Palese & Young, 1982;Both et al, 1983;Oxford et al, 1986;Skehel & Wiley, 1988), lentiviruses (Kono et al, 1973;Montelaro et al, 1984;Clements et al, 1988;Burns & Desrosiers, 1991 ;, hepadnaviruses (Carman et al,t990) and picornaviruses (Hovi et al, 1986;Minor et al, 1986;Gebauer et aL, 1988;Carrillo et al, 1990). It has been proposed (and in many cases assumed) that antigenic variation of viruses is the result of direct selection of variants by the host immune humoral and/or cellular responses.…”

Section: Emergence and Dominance Of Antigenic Variants In The Absencementioning

confidence: 99%

New observations on antigenic diversification of RNA viruses. Antigenic variation is not dependent on immune selection

Domingo

Díez

Martı́nez

et al. 1993

Journal of General Virology

131

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“…Other studies have documented genomic and antigenic diversity between influenza viruses isolated during an epidemic period (4,9,10), during an outbreak in a defined location (9,35,38,41), during a single epidemic in semiclosed communities (39,40), or as single isolates (31,33). Genetic heterogeneity is thought to be due to the rate of mutation of the influenza virus genome (28,43) and the selection of variants in a partially immune population.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antigenic and genetic variation in influenza A (H1N1) virus isolates recovered from a persistently infected immunodeficient child

Rocha

Cox

Black

et al. 1991

J Virol

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Antigenic and genetic variations have been analyzed in eight consecutive isolates recovered from a child with severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome persistently infected with naturally acquired type A (HlNl) influenza virus over a 10-month period. Hemagglutination inhibition reactions and T1 oligonucleotide fingerprinting demonstrated that these viruses were related to strains causing outbreaks in the United States at that time (1983 to 1984) but that antigenic and genetic differences between consecutive isolates could be detected. This variation between isolates was examined further by sequencing the RNAs encoding the HAl region of the hemagglutinin (HA) and the nucleoprotein (NP) in five of the consecutive isolates. Multiple point mutations were detected in both genes, and a deletion of one amino acid was detected in the HA. Depending on the isolates compared, 5.8 x 10-3 to 17 x 10-3 substitutions per nucleotide site per year were detected in the RNAs encoding the HAl, and 3.5 x 10-3 to 24 x 10-3 substitutions per nucleotide site per year were detected in the NP gene. Fifty-four percent of the base changes in the HAl and 73% in the NP led to amino acid substitutions. A progressive accumulation of mutations over time was not observed, suggesting that the genetic diversity of these viruses may best be interpreted as the result of shifts in the population equilibrium (quasispecies) of replicating variant genomes.

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An Antigenic Analysis Using Monoclonal Antibodies of Influenza A (H3N2) Viruses Isolated from an Epidemic in a Semi-closed Community

Cited by 13 publications

References 25 publications

Antigenic and molecular analysis of influenza A (H3N2) virus strains isolated from a localised influenza outbreak in South Africa in 2003

Antigenic and molecular analysis of influenza A (H3N2) virus strains isolated from a localised influenza outbreak in South Africa in 2003

New observations on antigenic diversification of RNA viruses. Antigenic variation is not dependent on immune selection

Antigenic and genetic variation in influenza A (H1N1) virus isolates recovered from a persistently infected immunodeficient child

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