An Apparatus for Two-Dimensional Measurement of the Shrinkage Resistance of Soils

Abstract

This paper deals with the behavior of an Israeli fat clay under the combined action of shrinkage due to drying and tensile stresses which develop as a result of controlled shrinkage. Since the behavior is known to be nonlinear, an appropriate theoretical background which permits design of apparatuses and tests is presented. Two apparatuses are described which allow for the measurement of stress and strain in a two-dimensional state of stressing. Results of preliminary tests are presented and analyzed.

Wound measurement by curvature maps: a feasibility study

“…A variant of this technique involves placement of a plastic film over the wound and tracing the wound boundary using a microtip pen (Keast et al 2004). The wound area is then estimated using a graph paper, planimeter, weighing technique, digitizer, CAD or hand-held computer scanner (Ahroni et al 1992, Bohannon and Pfaller 1983, Etris et al 1994, Goihman-Yahr 1998, Kantor and Margolis 1998, Lagan et al 2000, Liskay et al 1993, Majeske 1992, Rajbhandari et al 1999, Thawer et al 2002. While this tracing technique works fairly well for wounds on flat surfaces, this becomes more challenging if wounds are located over a curved surface.…”