An approach for determining the water injection pressure of low-permeability reservoirs

Lyu, Wenya; Zeng, Lianbo; Chen, Minzheng; Qiao, Dongsheng; Fan, Jun; Xia, Dongling

doi:10.1177/0144598718754374

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…For low permeability sandstone reservoirs, the direction of in-situ stress and the distribution of fractures are of great significance for the development of low permeability reservoirs, and special attention should be paid to the description. Except for well P3 in the well control range of P2, which was in a low-yield state for a long time, the fitting error of water production was large, and the other six wells were all fitted perfectly, with a fitting rate of 85.7% [6,7]. By fitting the dynamic and static model of quality control, its perfection degree is high, and it can objectively reproduce the reservoir development process, which lays a foundation for the subsequent design of pressure flooding water injection parameters and effect prediction [8][9][10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Historical Fittingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Design Technology of Geological Engineering for Pressure Flooding and Water Injection in Low Permeability Reservoirs: Take the Reservoir of Keshang Formation in Wu2 East Area as an Example

Qin¹,

Chen²,

Q³

et al. 2022

Journal of Chemistry

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The objective factors of low permeability reservoir determine that there is obvious starting pressure gradient in waterflooding development, and the injection pressure is high. Conventional waterflooding has the technical bottleneck of “no injection and no flooding.” It highlights the development contradictions such as serious under-injection, rapid production decline and difficult production of reserves. Pressurized water injection is a new technology of unconventional water injection to enhance oil recovery, which can improve the production degree of low permeability reservoir reserves and solve the problem of water injection difficulty. In order to ensure the reliability of scheme design and the success rate of field implementation, the key technologies of unconventional oil and gas reservoir geological engineering integration are applied for the first time, including 3D geological modeling technology, geomechanics modeling technology, complex fracture network simulation technology of geological engineering integration and numerical simulation technology, and a fine 3D dynamic and static model covering all elements of geology and engineering is objectively established. Through numerical simulation research, the optimal water injection parameters of pressure flooding are determined, and the implementation effect of the optimal scheme is predicted, which provides a scientific basis for field implementation.

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Section: Historical Fittingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Design Technology of Geological Engineering for Pressure Flooding and Water Injection in Low Permeability Reservoirs: Take the Reservoir of Keshang Formation in Wu2 East Area as an Example

Qin¹,

Chen²,

Q³

et al. 2022

Journal of Chemistry

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“…Using numerical simulation models, they designed a safe injection process by considering the acceptable limit of injection pressure increase due to caprock integrity and formation fracturing. Lyu et al studied the factors that control the water injection pressure to prevent rapid water breakthrough in the water flooding process when there are natural fractures in the reservoir [30]. They developed a model to determine the limit of water injection pressure based on the opening pressure of natural fractures in fractured low-permeability reservoirs.…”

Section: Research Gaps and Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of Pressure Increase during Waste Water Injection to Prevent Seismic Events

Jin

Wojtanowicz

2022

Energies

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A considerable increase of seismicity has occurred in the USA in the last decade (2009–2020) with an annual average of 345 M3+ earthquakes. Numerous field cases have shown that excessive well pressure due to a high injection rate may have triggered seismic events. This study defines conditions for inducing a seismic event by excessive injection in the well’s pressure that may cause geomechanical damage to the rock. Introduced here is an analytical model and method for predicting pressure increase during injection of produced water contaminated with oil. The model calculates time-dependent advancement of the captured oil saturation causing the well’s injectivity damage and pressure increase. Critical conditions for a seismic event are set by defining rock failure when well pressure exceeds the fracturing pressure of the wellbore or when the increased pore pressure reduces the effective normal stress at the “weak” interface inside the rock, computed with a geomechanical model. This concept is demonstrated in three field case studies using data from geological formations in areas of petroleum operations. The results confirm field observations of the initial rapid increase of oil invasion and injection pressure that could only be controlled by reducing the rate of injection to assure continuing long-time operation.

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“… 17 However, not much detailed understanding is provided for FCPs in these studies, which is another essential deliverable and key waterflood management data. In a recent paper in 2018 on traditional SRT analysis by Cartesian technique, 18 the author mentions that the inflection point or the intersection of the two linear regression straight lines before and after fracture may be formation fracture opening pressure or opening pressure of closed natural fractures but do not provide a better approach to estimate from SRT the fracture opening pressure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Mathematical Technique for Step Rate Test Analysis Aids Determination of Fracture Pressure and Overcomes the Uncertainty of Conventional Analysis

Mandal,

Elraies,

Jufar

2023

ACS Omega

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Experience in the oil industry has shown that it is challenging to sustain successful long-term matrix injection, as injection water quality cannot be maintained rigorously due to facility hiccups and membrane clogging. Most oil field operators have resolved this problem of injectivity decline by increasing the surface injection pressure to part the formation and inject just above the fracture gradient with strict offtake management for zonal conformance. This is not an easy task as injection much above fracture opening pressure can lead to water fingering and poor sweep that results in uneconomical waterflood recovery. The operators, thus, strive to inject at a pressure just above the fracture opening pressure so that the fracture opens near the wellbore but does not extend and then maintain the pressure just above the fracture closing pressure. Therefore, determination of the fracture opening pressure and fracture closing pressure has remained critical data for the success of waterflood projects. The most reliable industry approach to estimating fracture opening and fracture closing pressures comes from the step rate test (SRT). This traditional approach of Cartesian analysis of pressure-rate plot fits straight lines through the data in a plot of injection pressure against injection rate and then estimates the fracture pressure from the intersection of these lines having different slopes. The data received often do not exhibit one clear change in slope, thus resulting in multiple possible solutions, making it difficult for the operator to use the data for high CAPEX facilities design. Most past studies indicate the subjectivity of this Cartesian slope fitting technique. Alternative solutions through multirate superposition analysis found limited application in the analysis of SRT data due to considerable sensitivity to the value of initial pressure used for superposition and lack of stability of rate and pressure data. In this article, a new technique of SRT analysis is presented, which provides a unique solution for fracture opening and fracture closing pressures. It helps to overcome the limitations of the traditional technique of arbitrary fitting of straight lines. It uses the mathematical understanding of cumulative derivatives to recognize that the matrix opens when the cumulative growth of the rate of injectivity shows a change. It estimates the derivative of the injection rate with respect to injection pressure at each step. Then, it estimates the fracture pressure from the plot of the cumulative of this derivative against pressure at each step. It helps to overcome the challenge SRT solutions posed by the nonlinear trend of pressure data at each injection step both before fracture and after fracture is initiated. It also overcomes the limitations of the multirate superposition technique, as it is not sensitive to the value of initial pressure used for superposition.

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An approach for determining the water injection pressure of low-permeability reservoirs

Cited by 18 publications

References 63 publications

Integrated Design Technology of Geological Engineering for Pressure Flooding and Water Injection in Low Permeability Reservoirs: Take the Reservoir of Keshang Formation in Wu2 East Area as an Example

Integrated Design Technology of Geological Engineering for Pressure Flooding and Water Injection in Low Permeability Reservoirs: Take the Reservoir of Keshang Formation in Wu2 East Area as an Example

Prediction of Pressure Increase during Waste Water Injection to Prevent Seismic Events

New Mathematical Technique for Step Rate Test Analysis Aids Determination of Fracture Pressure and Overcomes the Uncertainty of Conventional Analysis

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