An Approach for Safety Assessment of Highly Automated Systems Applied to a Maritime Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System

Maelen, Sebastian Vander; Büker, Matthias; Kramer, Birte; Böde, Eckard; Gerwinn, Sebastian; Hake, Georg; Hahn, Axel

doi:10.1109/icsrs48664.2019.8987712

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…However, there is a diffusion in the industry on what should constitute the acceptable risk level in the risk assessment and how to do risk assessment (EMSA, 2015;Itoh et al, 2021). Whilst there are well defined societal and individual risk acceptance criteria in the maritime (EMSA, 2015), their application to the individual systems under the scope remains challenging (Vander Maelen et al, 2019). In this way, the implementation of effective functional hazard assessments and assignment of specific target safety requirement is complicated.…”

Section: The Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Aviation to Maritime: An Approach to Define Target Safety Levels for the Safety Assurance of Autonomous Ship Systems

Chaal,

Bolbot,

Berres

et al. 2023

Proceeding of the 33rd European Safety and Reliability Conference

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The safety assurance of autonomous ship systems is anticipated to present various challenges in the near future, necessitating the establishment of unambiguous procedures and references to facilitate the risk-based design of future ship systems. The International Maritime Organization's (IMO) guidelines, as outlined in the current version of the Formal Safety Assessment (FSA), Goal-Based Standards, and the rules from classification societies lack in detail for the risk-based design of autonomous ship systems. In the meantime, the aviation industry's regulations include more structured techniques for aircraft systems engineering, including a risk matrix that is employed as a benchmark to set the system safety objectives throughout various stages of system design. Consequently, this research suggests a methodology to establish target safety levels for the safety assurance of future ship systems, guided by aviation standards, to support the development of risk-based procedures and regulations that ensure the design of safe autonomous ship systems.

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Section: The Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Aviation to Maritime: An Approach to Define Target Safety Levels for the Safety Assurance of Autonomous Ship Systems

Chaal,

Bolbot,

Berres

et al. 2023

Proceeding of the 33rd European Safety and Reliability Conference

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“…By adopting a higher level of Information and Communications Technology (ICT), a shift in the sources of risk is observed, i.e. the design and software development & implementation are becoming major areas of concern [5], [11], [10], [12]. However, many of these accidents could be more accurately attributed to the working conditions of the crew, their situational awareness, and their interaction with the system.…”

Section: System Engineering Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The complexity of system design and implementation is one of the consequences of introducing autonomous systems. Thus, the risk factors shift to software development and validation [9], [10] and cyber-physical dimensions [11], [12]. To meet these challenges, system-wide design principles and tools are in demand.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomy for Ships: System Thinking and Engineering

Dittmann

2022

2022 International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks (SoftCOM)

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Marine autonomy research has focused on algorithmic and technical developments, targeting autonomous craft in restricted areas where international rules and regulations are not prioritised. This paper addresses the system engineering aspect of a highly complex system in which the seamless, predictable, and secure interoperability of vendorspecific hardware and software subsystems is a fundamental requirement for designing and implementing cyber-physical systems with artificial intelligence to assist or replace the navigating officer, such as autonomous marine surface vehicles. It addresses international rules in the sector and exhibits a system architecture that can fulfil the criteria for safe behaviour in foreseen occurrences and the capacity to request human aid if the autonomous system cannot manage a problem. The system thinking and engineering provided in this article have been applied to The GreenHopper, a harbour bus currently under construction and intended to undergo certification and enter commercial service.

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“…By adopting an increased level of ICT, a shift in the sources of risk can be observed, i.e. the design and the software development and implementation are becoming major areas of concern [12], [9], [8], [10]. Fig.…”

Section: Dealing With Risk and Complexitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, extreme dependability is needed even for rarely occurring events. The sources of risk have changed towards the software development and validation [7], [8], and to the cyber-physical dimensions [9], [10]. The pace of the development in MASS is difficult to predict, but the first generation of autonomous vessels might be in operation by the end of 2021 [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomy for Ships: A Sovereign Agents Architecture for Reliability and Safety by Design

Dittmann

Hansen

Papageorgiou

et al. 2021

2021 5th International Conference on Control and Fault-Tolerant Systems (SysTol)

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Autonomous systems strive to obtain salient features that include computer intelligence for obtaining situation awareness, decision support to a human navigator, or for facilitating autonomous decision-making in unmanned vehicles. This paper considers the case of autonomous marine surface vehicles, where high-quality decision support will be instrumental for obtaining a periodically unattended bridge and for approval of unmanned bridge operation with fallback through remote operation. The proposed design focuses on a sovereign-based architecture that facilitates safety, resilience and cyber-security. We address central elements of risk in the development and approval of autonomous systems; we analyze the challenges associated with testing, commissioning and maintenance of a highly complex cyber-physical system, and describe design principles for the sovereign agents architecture.

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An Approach for Safety Assessment of Highly Automated Systems Applied to a Maritime Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System

Cited by 6 publications

References 6 publications

From Aviation to Maritime: An Approach to Define Target Safety Levels for the Safety Assurance of Autonomous Ship Systems

From Aviation to Maritime: An Approach to Define Target Safety Levels for the Safety Assurance of Autonomous Ship Systems

Autonomy for Ships: System Thinking and Engineering

Autonomy for Ships: A Sovereign Agents Architecture for Reliability and Safety by Design

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