An Approach to Reliability, Availability and Maintainability Analysis of a Plug-In Electric Vehicle

Talukdar, Bipul Kumar; Deka, Bimal Chandra

doi:10.3390/wevj12010034

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Thus, a grid-connected charging station reliability model was created. It sought to investigate the reliability, availability, and maintainability issues faced by EV charging stations; study how fault events are logically related to one another, how a PEV's reliability is influenced by these fault events, and how proper management strategies can improve a vehicle's availability [25]; and to look into the impact of a charging station on PEV availability. A modified probabilistic index was PV-integrated microgrids are directly connected to EV charging stations using renewable energy without ESU through an EV-PV converter [17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric Vehicles Charging Stations’ Architectures, Criteria, Power Converters, and Control Strategies in Microgrids

Abraham

Verma

Kanagaraj³

et al. 2021

Electronics

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The usage of electric vehicles (EV) has been increasing over the last few years due to a rise in fossil fuel prices and the rate of increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. EV-charging stations are powered by existing utility power grid systems, increasing the stress on the utility grid and the load demand at the distribution side. DC grid-based EV charging is more efficient than AC distribution because of its higher reliability, power conversion efficiency, simple interfacing with renewable energy sources (RESs), and integration of energy storage units (ESU). RES-generated power storage in local ESU is an alternative solution for managing the utility grid demand. In addition, to maintain the EV charging demand at the microgrid levels, energy management and control strategies must carefully power the EV battery charging unit. In addition, charging stations require dedicated converter topologies, control strategies, and need to follow set levels and standards. Based on EV, ESU, and RES accessibility, different types of microgrid architecture and control strategies are used to ensure optimum operation at the EV-charging point. Based on the above said merits, this review paper presents different RES-connected architecture and control strategies used in EV-charging stations. It highlights the importance of different charging station architectures with current power converter topologies proposed in the literature. In addition, a comparison of microgrid-based charging station architecture with its energy management, control strategies, and charging converter controls are also presented. The different levels and types of charging stations used for EV charging, in addition to controls and connectors used, are also discussed. An experiment-based energy management strategy was developed to control power flow among the available sources and charging terminals for the effective utilization of generated renewable power. The main motive of the EMS and its control is to maximize the usage of RES consumption. This review also provides the challenges and opportunities in EV-charging, and parameters in selecting appropriate charging stations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric Vehicles Charging Stations’ Architectures, Criteria, Power Converters, and Control Strategies in Microgrids

Abraham

Verma

Kanagaraj³

et al. 2021

Electronics

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“…where fr (T), fr (T 0 ), tmf (T), and tmf (T 0 ) are the failure rate of the device at temperature T, the failure rate of the device at temperature T 0 , temperature modification factor at temperature T, and temperature modification factor at temperature T 0 , respectively. e temperature modification factor at each temperature in Fahrenheit is calculated as an empirical formula (21) [36][37][38][39][40]. To determine the effect of operating temperature on the tensile strength of steel, 145 tests are performed on 21 different carbon and alloy steels.…”

Section: The Impact Of Speed and Temperature On Failure Rate Of Elect...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…e results are presented in Table 2 [36]. en, a fourthorder polynomial curve fits the obtained data as presented in (21) [36].…”

Section: The Impact Of Speed and Temperature On Failure Rate Of Elect...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides, the impact of different driver patterns including recharge time, arrival and departure times, driving time during the day, and also, different charging strategies on the reliability indices of the composite power system is studied. In [21], to evaluate the reliability, availability, and service continuity of grid-connected electric vehicles, a suitable method based on the Markov structure is proposed. In this paper, a Markovbased reliability model of the main components of the electric vehicles including battery, electric motor, motor driver, controller, charging unit, and energy management unit is developed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impact of the Speed and Temperature Variation on the Electric Vehicles Reliability

Ghaedi

Mahmoudian

Sedaghati

2022

International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems

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The transportation system contains many fossil fuel-based automobiles equipped with the internal combustion engine that results in the pollution of the environment and greenhouse gas emissions. In recent years, to replace these automobiles with clean choices, electric vehicles are developed. So far, three kinds of electric vehicles including hybrid, plug-in, and full-electric vehicles are introduced. In the hybrid and plug-in electric vehicles, both the internal combustion engine and electric motor are used to move the vehicle. However, in the full-electric vehicle, the movement of the vehicle is done only by the electric motor. Due to the development of the electric vehicles in the transportation system, different aspects of these vehicles such as reliability must be studied. The reliability indices of the electric vehicles are affected by the failure rate of the composed components. Thus, to exactly determine the reliability performance of the electric vehicles, the failure rate of the main composed components affected by different parameters such as speed of the vehicle and temperature is taken into account. In the present paper, to accurately study the reliability of all-electric vehicles, the impact of variation in the temperature and vehicle speed on the failure rate of the composed components including battery, inverter, electric motor, and other static and rotation parts of the full-electric vehicle and consequently the failure rate of the vehicle is investigated. To determine the impact of operating temperature on the failure rate of composed components, the Arrhenius law is proposed. Based on the variation in the vehicle failure rate in terms of the vehicle speed and temperature, the reliability of the electric vehicle at different conditions is determined. It is concluded from numerical results performed in the paper that the failure rate of the understudied full-electric vehicle varies between 3.5 and 6 failures per year when the temperature varies between 0 and 50°C and the vehicle speed varies between 0 and 200 km/h.

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“…In recent decades, maintenance scheduling through reliability engineering analysis has played an important role in maintaining the system in an operating state [3]. Several recent studies have analyzed reliability, availability, and maintainability (RAM) in various types of industries and equipment, such as the ice cream industry [4], the bag industry [5], in mining with load, haul and dump machines (LHD machine) [6], in the textile process industry on steam boiler equipment [7], on conveyor system equipment [8], on deck objects on fishing vessels [9], plug-in electric vehicles [10], dragline equipment [11], truck unloading [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Availability Optimization of the Mobile Crane Using Approach Reliability Engineering at Oil and Gas Company

Rahman¹,

Sugiono²,

Sonief³

et al. 2022

MMEP

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Reliability engineering is needed for scheduling maintenance to improve system or equipment performance. The purpose of this paper is to provide recommendations for maintenance schedules based on reliability, availability, and maintainability (RAM) analysis that optimizes the availability of mobile cranes operating in Indonesian oil and gas companies. This paper begins with searching for a critical system using the Pareto principle. The critical system is then made a reliability block diagram to facilitate the analysis. However, before conducting the analysis, it is necessary to know the characteristics of the probability distribution of the data so that the analysis results are accurate and stable. Analysis of reliability, availability, and maintainability (RAM) is then carried out in the probability distribution equation for each system. The analysis results show that the implementation of maintenance at the time of reliability reaches the mean time between failure, and the maximum maintainability time is 240 minutes. The result is an increase in the availability of the lower structure (LS) system by 0.53% (98.78% to 99.31%), electrical and safety equipment (ESE) by 0.19% (99.02% to 99.21%), upper structure (US) was 0.07% (99.32% to 99.39), and overall system availability was 0.07% (99.31% to 99.38%).

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An Approach to Reliability, Availability and Maintainability Analysis of a Plug-In Electric Vehicle

Cited by 14 publications

References 33 publications

Electric Vehicles Charging Stations’ Architectures, Criteria, Power Converters, and Control Strategies in Microgrids

Electric Vehicles Charging Stations’ Architectures, Criteria, Power Converters, and Control Strategies in Microgrids

The Impact of the Speed and Temperature Variation on the Electric Vehicles Reliability

Availability Optimization of the Mobile Crane Using Approach Reliability Engineering at Oil and Gas Company

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