An Area-Efficient Rectifier with Threshold Voltage Cancellation for Intra-Body Power Transfer

Cho, Hyungjoo; Suh, Jung Keun; Shin, Hwi-Beom; Jeon, Yong-Sung; Jung, Chongsoo; Je, Minkyu

doi:10.1109/iscas.2019.8702391

Cited by 13 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In contrast, by using the body as a forward transmission path and the parasitic capacitance as the return path, the capacitive body-coupled approach is shown to have an advantageous on-body path loss while being insusceptible to the body shadowing effect [3], [4], [5], [6], [7]. In spite of channel variations when coupling condition changes, by leveraging on the advantageous body path loss, the body-coupled communication (BCC) could enable lower energy per bit [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], whereas the body-coupled powering (BCP) could enable higher power efficiency and wider body area power coverage [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19].…”

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confidence: 99%

Concurrent Body-Coupled Powering and Communication ICs With a Single Electrode

Li,

Dong,

Lin

et al. 2024

IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits

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Body-coupled powering (BCP) and body-coupled communication (BCC) utilize the human body channel as the wireless transmission medium, which shows less path loss around the body area. However, integrating both BCP and BCC requires multiple electrodes or alternating the uplink and downlink in the time domain, due to signal interferences and backflow between different paths. To address this issue, we propose a base station (BS) IC and a sensor node (SN) IC with BCP and BCC concurrency. At the BS, the adaptive self-interference cancellation (SI-C) structure suppresses the output signals that are coupled at the data receiver, enabling the concurrent uplink data recovery and downlink power delivery. At the SN, the ground domain of the uplink data path is separated from that of the downlink power/data path to suppress leakage between the paths. For regulated power supply in different ground domains, the cross-ground-domain power converter is designed with 89.1% efficiency. The ICs are implemented in a 40-nm 1P8M standard CMOS process, and BCC + BCP concurrent operations are successfully validated.Index Terms-Body-coupled communication (BCC), bodycoupled powering (BCP), power-data co-transfer, power-data concurrency, wireless body-area network (BAN). I. INTRODUCTIONB ODY-AREA network (BAN) empowers the cooperated sensing, recognition, and stimulation of bio-signals distributed around the body area [1]. However, on the one hand, the increasing need for downlink (e.g., for remote control and coordination) and uplink communication (e.g., for multisite sensing) incurs additional power overhead. On the other hand, the need for miniaturized form factor (e.g., for user comfort) further limits the on-chip energy, demanding wireless Manuscript

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confidence: 99%

Concurrent Body-Coupled Powering and Communication ICs With a Single Electrode

Li,

Dong,

Lin

et al. 2024

IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits

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“…Current attempts of the body-coupled power transmission are confined to the on-body distance of 30 cm or below [19]. To extend the coverage to the entire human body, key design challenges induced by the system characteristics need to be addressed.…”

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confidence: 99%

Body-Area Powering With Human Body-Coupled Power Transmission and Energy Harvesting ICs

Dong

Park

et al. 2020

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst.

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This paper presents the body-coupled power transmission and ambient energy harvesting ICs. The ICs utilize human body-coupling to deliver power to the entire body, and at the same time, harvest energy from ambient EM waves coupling through the body. The IC improves the recovered power level by adapting to the varying skin-electrode interface parasitic impedance at both the TX and RX. To maximize the power output from the TX, the dynamic impedance matching is performed amidst environment-induced variations. At the RX, the Detuned Impedance Booster (DIB) and the Bulk Adaptation Rectifier (BAR) are proposed to improve the power recovery and extend the power coverage further. In order to ensure the maximum power extraction despite the loading variations, the Dual-Mode Buck-Boost Converter (DM-BBC) is proposed. The ICs fabricated in 40 nm 1P8M CMOS recovers up to 100 μW from the body-coupled power transmission and 2.5 μW from the ambient body-coupled energy harvesting. The ICs achieve the full-body area power delivery, with the power harvested from the ambiance via the body-coupling mechanism independent of placements on the body. Both approaches show power sustainability for wearable electronics all around the human body. Index Terms-Body area network, body-coupled power transmission, body-coupled energy harvesting, energy harvesting, power transfer, impedance matching, rectifier, maximum power point tracking. I. INTRODUCTION OWERING wearable electronics such as earbuds, smart bandaids, and electrocardiography (ECG) sensors are challenging [1]-[3]. The limited battery lifetime incurs charging overhead, causes service disruptions, and inconveniences the users [4][5], which is aggravated further as the number of wearables increases. To address the issue and allow for sustainable operations, power transmission, and energy harvesting approaches have been proposed. Near-field power transmission approaches using the inductive link impose stringent requirements on the alignment Manuscript received DD-MMM-YYYY.

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Body-coupled power transmission and energy harvesting

Dong

Park

et al. 2021

Nat Electron

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An Area-Efficient Rectifier with Threshold Voltage Cancellation for Intra-Body Power Transfer

Cited by 13 publications

References 9 publications

Concurrent Body-Coupled Powering and Communication ICs With a Single Electrode

Concurrent Body-Coupled Powering and Communication ICs With a Single Electrode

Body-Area Powering With Human Body-Coupled Power Transmission and Energy Harvesting ICs

Body-coupled power transmission and energy harvesting

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