“…SVM Akbar et al (2018); Vijayakumar et al (2016); Hu et al (2015); Vapnik et al (1995) has been reported with width, orientation, Gabor, intensity and morphological features, including feature selection using random forest (RF), and graph-theoretic frameworks with vessel tree network topology Estrada et al (2015a). kNN was tried with multi-scale, color, texture, and adaptive LBP features Xu et al (2017); Zhu et al (2017); Joshi et al (2014); Zou et al (2017); Yin et al (2020), and k-means clustering with color features to classify artery/vein in specic fundus image quadrantsFu et al (2017) to compute AVRRelan et al (2013Relan et al ( , 2019. Another classier tried was JointBoost with vessel network topologyYan et al (2017).…”