An Asian–Pacific teleconnection in summer tropospheric temperature and associated Asian climate variability

Zhao, Ping; Zhu, Yani; Zhang, Renhe

doi:10.1007/s00382-007-0236-y

Cited by 174 publications

(228 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…4a). The APO-precipitation relationship over the East Asian monsoon region is basically consistent with that obtained from the 1958-2001 ERA-40 reanalysis and the gauge precipitation at meteorological stations of China (Zhao et al 2007). This consistency implies a stable link between the boreal summer APO and East Asian monsoon precipitation over the twentieth century and supports the reliability of the twentieth century reanalysis.…”

Section: Dynamic Structure Of the Aposupporting

confidence: 85%

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Boreal summer continental monsoon rainfall and hydroclimate anomalies associated with the Asian-Pacific Oscillation

Zhao¹,

Wang

Zhou

2012

Clim Dyn

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With the twentieth century analysis data for atmospheric circulation, precipitation, Palmer drought severity index, and sea surface temperature (SST), we show that the Asian-Pacific Oscillation (APO) during boreal summer is a major mode of the earth climate variation linking to global atmospheric circulation and hydroclimate anomalies, especially the Northern Hemisphere (NH) summer land monsoon. Associated with a positive APO phase are the warm troposphere over the Eurasian land and the relatively cool troposphere over the North Pacific, the North Atlantic, and the Indian Ocean. Such an amplified land-ocean thermal contrast between the Eurasian land and its adjacent oceans signifies a stronger than normal NH summer monsoon, with the strengthened southerly or southwesterly monsoon prevailing over tropical Africa, South Asia, and East Asia. A positive APO implies an enhanced summer monsoon rainfall over all major NH land monsoon regions: West Africa, South Asia, East Asia, and Mexico. Thus, APO is a sensible measure of the NH land monsoon rainfall intensity. Meanwhile, reduced precipitation appears over the arid and semiarid regions of northern Africa, the Middle East, and West Asia, manifesting the monsoon-desert coupling. On the other hand, surrounded by the cool troposphere over the North Pacific and North Atlantic, the extratropical North America has weakened low-level continental low and upper-level ridge, hence a deficient summer rainfall. Corresponding to a high APO index, the African and South Asian monsoon regions are wet and cool, the East Asian monsoon region is wet and hot, and the extratropical North America is dry and hot. Wet and dry climates correspond to wet and dry soil conditions, respectively. The APO is also associated with significant variations of SST in the entire Pacific and the extratropical North Atlantic during boreal summer, which resembles the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation in SST. Of note is that the Pacific SST anomalies are not present throughout the year, rather, mainly occur in late spring, peak at late summer, and are nearly absent during boreal winter. The season-dependent APO-SST relationship and the origin of the APO remain elusive.

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Section: Dynamic Structure Of the Aposupporting

confidence: 85%

“…A power spectrum analysis of the summer APO index during 1901-2002 demonstrates predominant peaks at 3-4 years and 50 years (significant at the 95 % level). This shorter oscillation period is also observed in the APO index from the 1958-2001 ERA-40 reanalysis (Zhao et al 2007). …”

Section: Definition and Variability Of The Apo Indexsupporting

confidence: 54%

Boreal summer continental monsoon rainfall and hydroclimate anomalies associated with the Asian-Pacific Oscillation

Zhao¹,

Wang

Zhou

2012

Clim Dyn

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“…The variability of the Asian monsoons is closely associated with changes in the thermal contrasts between the Asian continent and its adjacent oceans (e.g., Murakami and Ding 1982;Webster and Yang 1992;Li and Yanai 1996;Zhao et al 2007). The Asian-Pacific Oscillation (APO) represents an out-of-phase teleconnection pattern in middle-upper tropospheric temperature between Asia and the extratropical North Pacific (Zhao et al 2007) and can be captured by some climate models ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 150-year reconstructed summer Asian–Pacific Oscillation index and its association with precipitation over eastern China

Liu

Zhao

Chen

2010

Theor Appl Climatol

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Reconstructing the long-term series of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) indices may help understand long-term variability of EASM and its associations with precipitation. In this study, the summer middle-upper tropospheric temperature over the Asian-North Pacific sector is reconstructed from sea level pressure during the past 150 years, and then an atmospheric thermal contrast between Asia and the North Pacific, called the AsianPacific Oscillation (APO) index, is calculated from the reconstructed temperature. The results show that the APO phenomenon may occur in the reconstructed temperature fields, and its index has a significant positive/negative correlation with SST over the extratropical North

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“…In addition, the interannual variability of the Pacific SST has been documented to be closely associated with the Asian-Pacific Oscillation (APO)-a zonal atmospheric mode characterized by a seesaw pattern of change in the variability of the upper-tropospheric temperature between Asia and the North Pacific (Zhao, Zhu, and Zhang 2007). The positive phase of the APO is accompanied by warm SST in the North Pacific and cold SST in the eastern Pacific, and vice versa (Zhao, Cao, and Chen 2010;Zhou, Zhao, and Cui 2010;Liu, Zhao, and Chen 2011).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following Zhao, Zhu, and Zhang (2007), the APO was measured by the difference in regional mean eddy air temperature (deviation from its zonal mean) between Asia (15°-50°N, 60°-120°E) and the North Pacific (15°-50°N, 180°-120°W) in the upper troposphere (500-200 hPa). The interannual variability of the SST was described by the standard deviation (SD).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CMIP5 analysis of the interannual variability of the Pacific SST and its association with the Asian–Pacific oscillation

Zhou

2016

Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters

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Its association with the Asian-Pacific oscillation (APO) was also investigated. The evaluation results showed that the multi-model ensemble mean (MME) and most of the individual models perform well in reproducing the relatively stronger interannual variability of SST over the North Pacific and tropical eastern Pacific. They can also capture reasonably well the observed in-phase and out-of-phase relationships of the APO with the SST in the above two regions, respectively. Under the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, the interannual variability of the SST over the North Pacific and the tropical eastern Pacific is projected by the MME to be weakened during 2050-99 compared to 1950-99. The majority of the CMIP5 models show the same projection as the MME. Besides, the MME projection indicates that the present relationship between the APO and the SST over those two regions would still be dominant under both RCPs. However, considerable discrepancies exist in the changes of the relationships among the individual models.

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An Asian–Pacific teleconnection in summer tropospheric temperature and associated Asian climate variability

Cited by 174 publications

References 32 publications

Boreal summer continental monsoon rainfall and hydroclimate anomalies associated with the Asian-Pacific Oscillation

Boreal summer continental monsoon rainfall and hydroclimate anomalies associated with the Asian-Pacific Oscillation

A 150-year reconstructed summer Asian–Pacific Oscillation index and its association with precipitation over eastern China

CMIP5 analysis of the interannual variability of the Pacific SST and its association with the Asian–Pacific oscillation

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