An assessment of a handheld X-ray fluorescence instrument for use in exploration and development with an emphasis on REEs and related specialty metals

Simandl, George J.; Stone, Rebecca S; Paradis, Suzanne; Fajber, Robert; Reid, H. M.; Grattan, Kenneth T. V.

doi:10.1007/s00126-013-0493-0

Cited by 39 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Some critical elements can be reliably determined by pXRF in relatively simple geological matrices and when present at sufficiently high concentrations (e.g., [3,13]). This study focussed exclusively on CRMs, which are homogeneous, and the materials were analysed under ideal measurement conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When not present at high concentrations, critical elements are difficult to determine using pXRF technology (e.g., [3,13]). Our results suggest that many critical elements can only be determined with moderate accuracy (Figure 2, Table 3).…”

Section: Analysis Of Critical Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The potential of quick in situ analysis coupled with the instant display of results makes this technology particularly appealing for the mining industry. Most of the mineral resources-related pXRF projects have focussed on base and precious metals and have shown that this technology, when appropriately used, may yield data of sufficient quality for exploration and geochemical comparison [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, portable XRF spectrometers have proven suitable to detect REEs, Ta, and Nb in phosphates and carbonatites [13][14][15], W, Nb, Ta, La, Ce, and Zr in Sn-W ore-bearing granites [20], Ta and Zr in soil overlying granites [12], and P, Ba, Nb, V, Zr, and Y in various mafic to felsic igneous rocks [7,[21][22][23][24]. Consequently, critical elements can be detected and reliably quantified in geological materials devoid of interfering elements or when enriched.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Influence of Spectral Interferences on Critical Element Determination with Portable X-Ray Fluorescence (pXRF)

Gallhofer

Lottermoser

2018

Minerals

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Field portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) spectrometers are routinely used in mineral resources studies. To date, mineral resources studies have largely focussed on the application of pXRF to the exploration for deposits of base and precious metals. By contrast, studies using pXRF for the quantification of critical elements in geological materials are scarce since these elements are difficult to determine with energy-dispersive pXRF technology. This study explores the capability of pXRF spectrometers to detect and quantify critical elements (Ba, P, Nb, V, Co, REE, W, Bi, Hf, and Ta) in certified reference materials (CRMs). While precision of many critical elements is acceptable (<20% RSD), accuracy can be poor (>50% difference) when using pre-installed factory calibration software. Spectra collected during the pXRF measurements show that poor accuracy and false positives tend to be associated with spectral interferences. Distinct combinations of spectral interferences (line overlaps, Compton scattered peaks, and Si escape peaks) were observed in the different matrix types. Our results show that critical elements may be determined in common geological materials when pronounced peaks occur in the spectra and that matrix-match of standards and samples is essential. Hence, XRF spectra should be routinely reviewed to identify erroneous quantification due to spectral interferences.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Analysis Of Critical Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Influence of Spectral Interferences on Critical Element Determination with Portable X-Ray Fluorescence (pXRF)

Gallhofer

Lottermoser

2018

Minerals

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“…Thus, Simandl et al 13 undertook an evaluation of hand-held XRF instrumentation for use in exploration with an emphasis on the determination of REE and related 'speciality' metals. Thus, Simandl et al 13 undertook an evaluation of hand-held XRF instrumentation for use in exploration with an emphasis on the determination of REE and related 'speciality' metals.…”

Section: Hand-held Mobile On-line Xrf Techniques and Planetary Explmentioning

confidence: 99%

2015 Atomic Spectrometry Update – a review of advances in X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and their applications

West¹,

Ellis

Potts

et al. 2015

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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XRFandLIBSfor Field Geology

Lemière

Harmon

2021

Portable Spectroscopy and Spectrometry

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An assessment of a handheld X-ray fluorescence instrument for use in exploration and development with an emphasis on REEs and related specialty metals

Cited by 39 publications

References 7 publications

The Influence of Spectral Interferences on Critical Element Determination with Portable X-Ray Fluorescence (pXRF)

The Influence of Spectral Interferences on Critical Element Determination with Portable X-Ray Fluorescence (pXRF)

2015 Atomic Spectrometry Update – a review of advances in X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and their applications

XRFandLIBSfor Field Geology

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