An Assessment of CPTED Principles in Relation to Bullying Behaviour

Abstract

This paper presents a preliminary study examining the potential influences of building design on bullying behavior and experiences, of a sample of Malaysia secondary school students. Bullying in school may be an early stage of the developmental sequence that serves as a strong predictor of delinquency and future crime. Through the discussion of findings in previous studies, environmental design approach is as one of the methods to bring down the level of crime in school. Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) is an approach that uses environmental design as a tool to reduce crime from both the physical and the psychological aspects. The features of physical environment such as street layout, building design, lighting and physical decay can affect the occurrence and behaviour of criminals. The shortcomings in the physical environment could open up the opportunity for offenders. Thus, this study seeks to determine if there is a possibility that the actual physical environment in which students spend greater part of their day can affect behaviour, which in turn, can lead to violence in school. A survey was conducted at four secondary schools in Shah Alam, Selangor with a random sample of 406 students from Form 1, Form 2 and Form 3 involving the observation of 32 school blocks. Three principles of Crime CPTED were analyzed in the school environment. The results indicated that there is a significant difference in territoriality and school maintenance which results in the forming of the negative environment in the schools. It was found that this, in turn, affects the frequency of bullying occurring among the students in school. KeywordsSchool, Bullying, CPTED, Physical Environment *A preliminary study examining the potential influences of building design on bullying behavior and experiences, of a sample of Malaysia secondary school students.

Religiosity as a Mechanism to Control Delinquent Behaviour of School Students

“…Studies found that socio-economic reasons such as family background (Aute et al (2020)), place of residence (Zhang (2016)), parents' education level (Chalfin and Deza (2019)), household income (Berti and Pivetti (2019)), gender (Kim 2021), and urbanisation (Wahab et al (2018)) are some contributing factors to the delinquent behaviour of adolescents. Hence, the delinquency rate among students in Shah Alam in this section is studied from socio-economic reasons under the following sub-themes: gender differences, parents' income, parents' educational level, parents' social status, and urbanisation.…”

“…Zhang (2016) further elaborated on this aspect and explained how urbanisation could contribute to violence. Malaysian researchers also testified the influence of urbanisation on delinquent behaviour of adolescence and described it as a primary contributing factor for the high rate of violence in Selangor (Wahab et al 2018). This research confirmed that 82.2% of students who participated in this study live in urban areas, while only 17.8% live in rural areas.…”

The Needs of Bullying Prevention Model Based on Sunnah Nabawiyyah

“…This is consistent with the yearly bullying report by Ditch the Label (2018), which claims that 33%-59% of classmates, schoolmates, and others at school have bullied 51% of respondents who took part in their survey at least once a month. On May 22, 2017, we were horrified to learn of the murder of Zulfarhan Osman, a student at Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM), who was brutally assaulted by his classmates using a waist belt, rubber hose, clothes hanger, and a hot iron, causing the victim's body to burn almost 80% (Wahab et al, 2018;Abdul Jalil, 2018). The most recent incident in 2019 likewise featured Mohammad Aimin Nurul Amin, a young tahfiz student at Maahad Tahfiz in Lanchang, Pahang, who was found weak and eventually passed away as a result of intense bullying after receiving treatment at a local clinic (Azizan, 2019).…”