An Assessment of Environmental Impacts on the Ecosystem Services: Study on the Bagmati Basin of Nepal

Bastola, Satish; Lee, Sang-Hyup; Shin, Youngsoo; Jung, Younghun

doi:10.3390/su12198186

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…From Table 7 and Figure 6 , it can be seen that the land ecosystem service value of each city in CCCG is relatively obvious, among which Chongqing and Mianyang have the highest overall land ecosystem service value, and the land ecosystem service value of Chongqing is significantly different from that of other cities, followed by that of Dazhou and Ya’an, with Zigong and Ziyang being relatively low. The low value of the land ecosystem service is mainly related to the local population migration and the low human modification of the land surface [ 66 , 67 , 68 ]. Overall, the variability characteristics of the land ecosystem service values vary with relatively large value differences.…”

Section: Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Coupling Evaluation and Spatial–Temporal Evolution of Land Ecosystem Services and Economic–Social Development in a City Group: The Case Study of the Chengdu–Chongqing City Group

Zhong

2023

IJERPH

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The Chengdu–Chongqing city group (CCCG) is one of the regions with acute human–land conflicts in China at present. The current rapid development of CCCG has caused a large negative impact on regional land ecosystem services. Land ecosystem is the basis of economic development. Reasonable economic development is also the inherent requirement of land ecosystem and an important support for land ecosystem protection. Promoting the coordinated development of the economy and land ecosystems is a prerequisite for this city group to achieve ecological protection and high-quality development. Taking CCCG as an example, this paper constructs a coupling evaluation model of economic–social development and land ecosystem service by using the entropy weight method, coupling coordination degree model, gravity center model, and standard deviation ellipse model, and explores the coupling coordination degree and spatial–temporal evolution rule of the above two systems. The study found that, from 2005 to 2020, the overall economic–social development of the CCCG showed an upward trend with a regular pattern of a ‘High in the east and west, low in the central’, and the ‘dual-core’ spatial structure with Chengdu and Chongqing as the core ; the overall performance of land ecosystem services had a gentle slope downward trend with a ‘U’-shaped spatial pattern of “high around and low in the middle”. The results also show that the coupling coordination degree of economic–social development and land ecosystem services in CCCG continues to rise steadily. Overall, the level of coupling coordination is low, and the type of coupling coordination has gradually evolved from severe and moderate imbalance to moderate coordination and mild imbalance. Therefore, the CCCG should make full use of the advantages of the “dual-core” cities to improve the level of peripheral economic linkage, increase investment in science and technology to enhance the endogenous power of economic development, establish cooperation mechanisms to narrow the urban gap, and integrate ecological resources to promote ecological industrialization to better realize the synergistic promotion of land ecological protection and high-quality economic development.

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Section: Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Coupling Evaluation and Spatial–Temporal Evolution of Land Ecosystem Services and Economic–Social Development in a City Group: The Case Study of the Chengdu–Chongqing City Group

Zhong

2023

IJERPH

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“…The Churia region, known for its intense rainfall, experiences high erosion rates, steep slopes, and a higher vulnerability of soils, gullies, and degraded lands, particularly in areas lacking vegetation cover (Ghimire 2014). The annual average rainfall of the basin is found to be 1700 mm (Bastola et al 2019). The area of the basin is considered to be 3421.37 sq.km.in the study from the analysis of available data.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Bagmati river basin is one of Nepal's most rapidly changing landscapes due to the increasing population and expansion of urban areas (Bastola et al 2020). The basin has faced a number of geological, economic, and environmental issues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Erosion Estimationin the Bagmati River Basin of Nepal Using RUSLE Modeling to Assess Priority areas for Conservation

Gelal,

Timilsina,

Ayer

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Soil erosion is a major issue, resulting in the loss of topsoil and fertility. This study estimates total and average soil loss, analyses the effect of Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) on soil erosion, and prioritizes the soil erosion risk zone in the Bagmati river basin using The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model. Rainfall erosivityfactor (R), Soil erodibility factor, Topographic factor, Cover management factor (C), and Support Practice Factor (P) ranged from 94.25 to 666.11 MJ mm ha− 1 h− 1yr− 1, 0.104 to 0.154, 0 to 24.05, 0 to 0.28, and 0.55 to 1 respectively. The computed annual values of soil loss in the basin ranged from 0 to 201.334 t ha− 1yr− 1in 2010 and 0 to 204.687 t ha− 1yr− 1 in 2016. The average soil loss rate of the basin was 21.5 t ha− 1 yr− 1 in 2016. The average annual soil loss was highest in barren land (10.28 tha− 1) while the minimum was in water bodies (0.69 tha− 1). The maximum erosion potential was found in the agricultural land (204.69 tha− 1). Application of bioengineering techniques can control soil losses in the Bagmati river basin. Overall, the application of modern methods and technology i.e., RUSLE and GIS will be useful for the prediction of potential soil losses from river basins thus, managers and policymakers can implement adequate conservation programs with high erosion risk that will reduce soil loss in the future.

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“…Several research investigations underscore the substantial magnitude of soil loss in Nepal, varying from negligible levels in lowlands to strikingly high rates of up to 105 Mg ha –1 yr –1 in upland regions and, at times, reaching an alarming 420 Mg ha –1 yr –1 in shrublands, primarily attributable to steep inclines, overgrazing, and improper land utilization (Bajracharya et al, 2009). Illustratively, annual soil erosion figures amount to approximately 75.83 t ha –1 in the Bagmati Basin, 64 t ha –1 in the Khajuri Catchment, 11.17 t ha –1 in Aringale Khola, and 14.7 t ha –1 in the Phewa Watershed of Nepal (Bastola et al, 2019; Chalise et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Soil Erosion Susceptibility Using Revised Morgan-Morgan-Finney Model: A Case Study from Kulekhani Watershed, Makawanpur, Nepal

Rabin,

Rajeev,

Binod

et al. 2024

Journal of Resources and Ecology

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The research was conducted within the Kulekhani Watershed with the objective of examining changes in Land Use Land Cover (LULC) dynamics and soil erosion across various LULC categories spanning from 2000 to 2020. The findings regarding the LULC classification in the Kulekhani Watershed revealed a steady rise in forested land, escalating from 60.72% in 2000 to 62.43% in 2010, and ultimately reaching 64.75% of the total area by 2020. The extent of water bodies exhibited a marginal increase from 1.07% in 2000 to 1.08% in 2020. Correspondingly, barren land expanded from 0.21% to 0.26%, eventually reaching 0.35% over the successive time intervals. Conversely, agricultural land dwindled over these periods, comprising 38% in 2000, 36.24% in 2010, and ultimately declining to 33.82% by 2020. The utilization of the Revised Morgan–Morgan–Finney (RMMF) model for soil loss estimation demonstrated a declining trend in weighted average soil loss during the years 2000 to 2010, followed by a slight increase between 2010 and 2020. The calculated soil loss values were recorded as 8.64 t ha–1 yr–1, 7.12 t ha–1 yr–1, and 7.30 t ha–1 yr–1 for the years 2000, 2010, and 2020 respectively. Similarly, the erosion susceptibility map illustrated a rising pattern in the very low-risk soil erosion zone from 2000 to 2020, primarily prominent within forested regions, while exhibiting a low to moderate susceptibility in agricultural zones. Moreover, barren areas displayed a moderate to high susceptibility to soil erosion. To address these concerns, future endeavors are recommended to encompass afforestation initiatives in barren regions, implement conservation farming practices in agricultural areas, and adopt appropriate measures for road stabilization.

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An Assessment of Environmental Impacts on the Ecosystem Services: Study on the Bagmati Basin of Nepal

Cited by 14 publications

References 41 publications

Coupling Evaluation and Spatial–Temporal Evolution of Land Ecosystem Services and Economic–Social Development in a City Group: The Case Study of the Chengdu–Chongqing City Group

Coupling Evaluation and Spatial–Temporal Evolution of Land Ecosystem Services and Economic–Social Development in a City Group: The Case Study of the Chengdu–Chongqing City Group

Soil Erosion Estimationin the Bagmati River Basin of Nepal Using RUSLE Modeling to Assess Priority areas for Conservation

Assessing Soil Erosion Susceptibility Using Revised Morgan-Morgan-Finney Model: A Case Study from Kulekhani Watershed, Makawanpur, Nepal

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