An assessment of gasoline motorcycle emissions performance and understanding their contribution to Tehran air pollution

Hassani, Amin; Hosseini, Vahid

doi:10.1016/j.trd.2016.05.003

Cited by 55 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The reopening of schools by the end of summer also causes an increase traffic and maximizes air pollution in fall, more attention should also be paid to this risky season [12]. Air pollution is reduced in winter when there are atmospheric precipitations, and wind is also an important factor in reduction and transmission of air pollution [36,37].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Assessment of Spatial Pattern Characterization of Air Pollution: A Case Study of CO and PM2.5 in Tehran, Iran

Habibi

Alesheikh

Mohammadinia

et al. 2017

IJGI

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Statistically clustering air pollution can provide evidence of underlying spatial processes responsible for intensifying the concentration of contaminants. It may also lead to the identification of hotspots. The patterns can then be targeted to manage the concentration level of pollutants. In this regard, employing spatial autocorrelation indices as important tools is inevitable. In this study, general and local indices of Moran's I and Getis-Ord statistics were assessed in their representation of the structural characteristics of carbon monoxide (CO) and fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) polluted areas in Tehran, Iran, which is one of the most polluted cities in the world. For this purpose, a grid (200 m × 200 m) was applied across the city, and the inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation method was used to allocate a value to each pixel. To compare the methods of detecting clusters meaningfully and quantitatively, the pollution cleanliness index (PCI) was established. The results ascertained a high clustering level of the pollutants in the study area (with 99% confidence level). PM 2.5 clusters separated the city into northern and southern parts, as most of the cold spots were situated in the north half and the hotspots were in the south. However, the CO hotspots also covered an area from the northeast to southwest of the city and the cold spots were spread over the rest of the city. The Getis-Ord's PCI suggested a more polluted air quality than the Moran's I PCI. The study provides a feasible methodology for urban planners and decision makers to effectively investigate and govern contaminated sites with the aim of reducing the harmful effects of air pollution on public health and the environment.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Assessment of Spatial Pattern Characterization of Air Pollution: A Case Study of CO and PM2.5 in Tehran, Iran

Habibi

Alesheikh

Mohammadinia

et al. 2017

IJGI

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“…Consequently, the development of public transportation, including subway and BRT, and limitations on private cars entering traffic zones, together were effective in amelioration of air quality. Hassani and Hosseini () reported the total hydrocarbon (THC) emission factor for motorcycles and cars in Tehran were 0.492 grams per kilometer (g/km) and 0.36 g/km, respectively. Shafiepour and Kamalan () studied the NMVOCs emission factor of motorcycles and mentioned a contribution of as much as 8.831 g/km.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) contributions in the air pollution of Tehran, Iran

Asadi

Mirmohammadi

2017

Environmental Quality Mgmt

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Urbanization and development are associated with air pollution, including emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX). For this study, we measured and investigated the outdoor concentrations of BTEX in Tehran, Iran. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH, 1996) methods were applied to measure the concentrations of BTEX in winter and spring of 2015 at 46 air monitoring stations. BETX concentrations were also measured at 19 monitoring stations in June and July of 2003. In 2003, BTEX compound pollutants were observed at greater concentration in the eastern, central, and southern zones of Tehran than in other zones. The average concentrations of the BTEX compounds were 238 parts per billion (ppb), 130 ppb, 69 ppb, and 118 ppb, respectively, for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene. The benzene to toluene (B/T) ratios ranged from 0.8 to 3.2, which indicated that the gasoline used in the city was of poor quality at that time. In 2015, the BTEX concentrations in District 19 (south of Tehran) were higher than in the eastern and central regions, which included restricted “traffic zones” and the extensive development of public transportation systems. In the restricted traffic zones, only public vehicles, such as buses, taxis, ambulances, etc., and other authorized vehicles are allowed to operate. By ameliorating the quality of gasoline, encouraging the use of late model private cars, and development of subway and public transportation during the years between 2003 and 2015, the BTEX concentrations have fallen to levels that comply with Iran's air quality standards. The 2015 measurements revealed that the average concentrations of the BTEX compounds were 5.3, 9.2, 1.5, and 2.6 ppb, respectively. The B/T ratio fluctuated from 0.39 to 0.76, demonstrating the remarkable role that vehicle traffic plays in BTEX pollution.

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“…Motorcycles represent about 18 percent of total vehicle fleet in Tehran (as shown in Figure 7), amounting to about 1 million gasoline motorcycles (Hassani and Hosseini 2016). Motorcycles are the second largest contributor to PM, even before cars.…”

Section: Motorcycles Are the Second Largest Contributor To Pm In Tehranmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Tehran motorcycle fleet consists mostly of carburetor-equipped motorcycles, 16 which are typically less fuel efficient and emit more emissions compared to newer, fuel injection technology. A recent survey by Hassani and Hosseini (2016)…”

Section: Motorcycles Are the Second Largest Contributor To Pm In Tehranmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air Pollution in Tehran

Heger¹,

Sarraf²

2018

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This volume is a product of the staff of the World Bank Group. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of World Bank Group or the governments they represent. The World Bank Group does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of World Bank Group concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Rights and Permissions The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. World Bank Group encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly.

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An assessment of gasoline motorcycle emissions performance and understanding their contribution to Tehran air pollution

Cited by 55 publications

References 19 publications

An Assessment of Spatial Pattern Characterization of Air Pollution: A Case Study of CO and PM2.5 in Tehran, Iran

An Assessment of Spatial Pattern Characterization of Air Pollution: A Case Study of CO and PM2.5 in Tehran, Iran

Experimental study of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) contributions in the air pollution of Tehran, Iran

Air Pollution in Tehran

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