An Assessment of Reuse of Light Ash from Bayer Process Fluidized Bed Boilers in Geopolymer Synthesis at Ambient Temperature

Abstract

Sustainable civil construction in the future, besides having low energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, must also adopt the principle of reusing wastes generated in the production chain that impact the environment. The aluminum production chain includes refining using the Bayer process. One of the main wastes produced by the Bayer process that has an impact on the environment is fly ash. Geopolymers are cementitious materials with a three-dimensional structure formed by the chemical activation of aluminosilicates. According to studies, some are proving to be appropriate sources of Al and Si in the geopolymerization reaction. The research reported here sought to assess the possibility of reusing fly ash characteristic of the operational temperature and pressure conditions of Bayer process boilers in geopolymer synthesis. Geopolymerization reaction was conducted at an ambient temperature of 30°C, and the activator used was sodium hydroxide (NaOH) 15 molar and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) alkaline 10 molar. Fly ash and metakaolin were used as sources of Al and Si. XRD, XRF, and SEM Techniques were used for characterizing the raw materials and geopolymers. As a study parameter, the mole ratios utilized followed data from the literature described by Davidovits (year), so that the best results of the geopolymer samples were obtained in the 2.5 to 3.23 range. Resistance to mechanical compression reached 25 MPa in 24 hours of curing and 44 MPa after 28 days of curing at ambient temperature.

Circular Economy and Solid Waste Management: Challenges and Opportunities in Brazil

“…Construction is one of the leading destinations of mining waste since this sector consumes a large amount of raw material. Brazilian studies have evaluated the use of waste from iron ore processing [35,36] and its first stages of industrialisation [37,38], as well as the waste from bauxite processing [39][40][41] to produce cement, mortars and concrete [37,38]. Other studies with this waste have proposed the use in the production of bricks, tiles, flooring etc.…”

Selection of an Effective Activating Agent for Coke Production Waste

“…The authors of [33,34] conclude in their studies that denser and more uniform morphological aspects provide higher mechanical characteristics of geopolymers.…”

Synthesis and characterization of alkali-activated loess and its application as protective coating

“…Geopolymer is one of the alternative material for application in the building and construction industry. In fact, to mitigate the adverse effect of OPC on the environment, several geopolymers derived from natural, industrial or by-products waste have been developed with satisfactory results [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14].…”