An Assessment of the Multifunctionality of Integrated Buffer Zones in Northwestern Europe

Zak, Dominik; Stutter, Marc; Jensen, Henning S.; Egemose, Sara; Carstensen, Mette Vodder; Audet, Joachim; Strand, John A.; Feuerbach, Peter; Hoffmann, Carl Christian; Christen, B.; Hille, Sandra; Knudsen, Mads Faurschou; Stockan, Jenni A.; Watson, Helen; Heckrath, G.; Kronvang, Brian

doi:10.2134/jeq2018.05.0216

Cited by 36 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(80 reference statements)

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“…Transient storage was approximately four times larger with watercress present compared with the same reach without the plants. N uptake rates by roots [6] were equivalent to 1.43 mg N/g shoot DM/d in summer (water temperature = 13 • C) and 0.52 mg N/g shoot DM/d in winter (water temperature = 10 • C). P uptake rate was 0.20 mg P/g shoot DM/d in summer.…”

Section: Comparison With Other Work On Nutrient Retention By Macrophytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, check-dams can be used to manage steeper sites and offer the advantage of promoting settling of sediment in pockets along the ditch length. Danish integrated buffer zones (IBZs) have shown NO 3 -N removal rates of 0.3-0.5 g N/m 2 /d with efficiencies decreasing from 80% to 20% as N loads increased from 1 to 4 g N/m 2 /day, but very variable and even negative P removal efficiencies occur [6].…”

Section: Comparison With Other Work On Nutrient Retention By Macrophytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Watercress (Nasturtium officinale) is tolerant of a wide range of nutrient concentrations found in freshwater streams and is often a dominant member in streams with high nutrient loads [6]. Experiences in New Zealand [7][8][9] suggest that the luxury uptake of N by watercress (up to 4% of dry matter) may lead to substantial removal of N from polluted drainage water, particularly if it is harvested regularly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Appraisal of Potential for Sowing of Nasturtium officinale into Streams to Mitigate Nutrient Pollution in Eastern Scotland

Vinten

Bowden-Smith²

2020

IJERPH

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This study examines a farmer-led initiative to sow watercress (Nasturtium officinale) in field ditches. The objective was to assess the potential of this practice to mitigate summer nutrient loads in rivers. Two ditches—one seeded, the other unseeded—on a mixed-livestock farm in Eastern Scotland were monitored during the spring-summer of 2014–2016. The un-replicated trial design limited statistical analysis. However, changes in N and P concentrations along the two ditches were measured. In the watercress-seeded ditch, N retention of 0.092 g/m2/d (p < 0.001, SE = 0.020) and P retention of 0.0092 g/m2/d (p = 0.001, SE = 0.0028) occurred, while total organic C in the water increased along the ditch. Retention was close to zero for the unseeded ditch. The seeded ditch was also found to have more dry matter production and lower stream temperature. The impact of plastic covering (to increase spring temperature) on vegetation and nutrient removal was also assessed on replicate 5-m sections of the ditches. No significant impact on N and P removal was found; however, the release of C increased significantly in the plastic-covered sections. The rise in air temperature (up to > 30 °C) promoted a greater growth of opportunist species (nettle (Urtica), rush (Juncus), and grasses. These observations were used to make a simple assessment of the potential catchment scale impact of seeding watercress into first and second order streams in the nearby Lunan Water catchment. It was concluded that this could make a significant contribution to the reduction of nutrient loads.

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Section: Comparison With Other Work On Nutrient Retention By Macrophytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparison With Other Work On Nutrient Retention By Macrophytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

An Appraisal of Potential for Sowing of Nasturtium officinale into Streams to Mitigate Nutrient Pollution in Eastern Scotland

Vinten

Bowden-Smith²

2020

IJERPH

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“…The study concluded that narrow riparian buffer zones (i.e., 3 m) with various management regimes (without additional measures) were insufficient to protect streams from excess nutrients. Zak et al (2019) discussed designs of integrated buffer zones (IBZs) across northwestern Europe that aim to improve nutrient retention efficiencies in smaller buffer widths. The incorporation of structural elements of mini‐wetlands and trees gave an average NO 3 removal efficiency of 23 to 37% and an average total P removal efficiency of 18 to 52%.…”

Section: New Contribution Of Knowledge To the Topicmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is an implicit assumption of the delivery of ecosystem services related to riparian buffer functions, but considerable uncertainty in evidence remains as to how to achieve and assess these (Stutter et al, 2012). Several papers in this collection show that appropriate management of riparian buffers can enhance the delivery of multiple ecosystem services (Brown et al, 2019; Dal Ferro et al, 2019; Hille et al, 2019; Singh et al, 2019; Zak et al, 2019), along with improving the ecological value of the riparian zones and the adjacent aquatic habitat. Zak et al (2019) showed that IBZ designs, encompassing tree and mini‐wetland areas in relatively narrow margins, can act as a habitat for a diverse range of species, including species of conservation concern.…”

Section: New Contribution Of Knowledge To the Topicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Insights into the Effectiveness of Riparian Management, Attainment of Multiple Benefits, and Potential Technical Enhancements

et al. 2019

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Buffer strips between land and waters are widely applied measures in diffuse pollution management, with desired outcomes across other factors. There remains a need for evidence of pollution mitigation and wider habitat and societal benefits across scales. This paper synthesizes a collection of 16 new primary studies and review papers to provide the latest insights into riparian management. We focus on the following areas: (i) diffuse pollution removal efficiency of conventional and saturated buffer strips, (ii) enhancing biodiversity of buffers, (iii) edge-of-field technologies for improving nutrient retention, and (iv) potential reuse of nutrients and biomass from buffers. Although some topics represent emerging areas, for other well-studied topics (e.g., diffuse pollution), it remains that effectiveness of conventional vegetated buffer strips for water quality improvement varies. The collective findings highlight the merits of targeted, designed buffers that support multiple benefits, more efficiently interrupting surface and subsurface contaminant flows while enhancing diversity in surface topography, soil moisture and C, vegetation, and habitat. This synthesis also highlights that despite the significant number of studies on the functioning of riparian buffers, research gaps remain, particularly in relation to (i) the capture and retention of soluble P and N in subsurface flows through buffers, (ii) the utilization of captured nutrients, (iii) the impact of buffer design and management on terrestrial and aquatic habitats and species, and (iv) the effect of buffers (saturated) on greenhouse gas emissions and the potential for pollution swapping.

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Mitigating floods and attenuating surface runoff with temporary storage areas in headwaters

et al. 2023

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Temporary storage areas (TSAs) represent a category of soft-engineered naturebased solutions that can provide dispersed, small-scale storage throughout a catchment. TSAs store and attenuate surface runoff, providing new additional storage during flood events. The need for such additional catchment storage will become more urgent as the frequency and magnitude of extreme hydrological events increases due to climate change. Implementation of TSAs in headwater catchments is slowly gaining momentum, but practitioners still require further evidence on how such measures function during flood events. This review focuses on the role of relatively small-scale (<10,000 m 3 ) TSAs in headwater catchments for flood risk management. It also explores the potential wider benefits for implementing these as part of an integrated catchment management approach. TSA flood mitigation effectiveness is primarily determined by the TSA's available storage prior to the event. At the local scale, this can be represented by the relationship between TSA inputs, outputs and total storage. Factors influencing the local functioning and effectiveness of TSAs are discussed, with potential considerations for optimizing future TSA design and management. Hydrological models have suggested that TSAs could be used to effectively attenuate high magnitude events. However, future considerations should involve addressing the lack of empirical evidence showing TSA catchment scale effectiveness and how local TSA functioning might change in time. Small-scale headwater TSAs offer a holistic and sustainable approach to catchment management that can deliver both local benefits to landowners and wider flood risk mitigation for society.

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An Assessment of the Multifunctionality of Integrated Buffer Zones in Northwestern Europe

Cited by 36 publications

References 53 publications

An Appraisal of Potential for Sowing of Nasturtium officinale into Streams to Mitigate Nutrient Pollution in Eastern Scotland

An Appraisal of Potential for Sowing of Nasturtium officinale into Streams to Mitigate Nutrient Pollution in Eastern Scotland

Current Insights into the Effectiveness of Riparian Management, Attainment of Multiple Benefits, and Potential Technical Enhancements

Mitigating floods and attenuating surface runoff with temporary storage areas in headwaters

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