An Assessment of Vape Shop Products in California before and after Implementation of FDA and State Regulations

Galstyan, Ellen; Galimov, Artur; Meza, Leah; Huh, Jimi; Berg, Carla J.; Unger, Jennifer B.; Baezconde‐Garbanati, Lourdes; Sussman, Steve

doi:10.3390/ijerph192315827

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…There is currently still a dearth in research regarding the health effects of additive marijuana and nicotine use, but the literature indicates that use of one often implicates the use of another. Additionally, with the legalization of cannabis in 2018, smoke shops have began to carry e-cigarette devices meant to also vape cannabis oil and marijuana [ 135 ]. THC derivatives, such as delta-8-THC and delta-10-THC, have been mixed into products marketed as cannabis.…”

Section: E-cigarettes and Cannabis Use Among Adolescentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

E-cigarettes may serve as a gateway to conventional cigarettes and other addictive drugs

Chen

Rahman²,

Lutfy³

2023

Adv. Drug Alcohol Res.

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Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are devices that allow the user to inhale nicotine in a vapor, and are primarily marketed as a means of quitting smoking and a less harmful replacement for traditional cigarette smoking. However, further research is needed to determine if vaping nicotine via e-cigarettes can be effective. Conversely, nicotine has been considered a gateway drug to alcohol and other addictive drugs and e-cigarettes containing nicotine may have the same effects. Previous reports have shown that e-cigarette use may open the gate for the use of other drugs including conventional cigarettes, cannabis, opioids, etc. The increasing prevalence of e-cigarettes, particularly among youth and adolescents in the last decade have led to an increase in the dual use of e-cigarettes with alcohol, cannabis, and other illicit drug use like heroin and 3-4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). The advent of e-cigarettes as a device to self-administer addictive agents such as cocaine and synthetic cathinones may bring about additional adverse health effects associated with their concurrent use. This review aims to briefly describe e-cigarettes and their different generations, and their co-use with other addictive drugs as well as the use of the device as a tool to self-administer addictive drugs, such as cocaine, etc.

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Section: E-cigarettes and Cannabis Use Among Adolescentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

E-cigarettes may serve as a gateway to conventional cigarettes and other addictive drugs

Chen

Rahman²,

Lutfy³

2023

Adv. Drug Alcohol Res.

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“…device type, flavor, nicotine level). Our research team has been in the unique position to observe these changes over time at brick- and-mortar retailers, as we have built rapport and collected data in the tobacco retail environment since 2014 2 , 22 - 27 . Along with the policy changes, our data collection team has encountered levels of enthusiasm, expressed by vape shop owners and employees in participating in research projects, which waxed and waned over the years, with an overall decreasing trend.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating trends in recruitment challenges in vape shop research, e-cigarette product characteristics and use among shop customers from 2019 to 2023: A mixed-methods study

Huh,

Galimov,

Meza

et al. 2024

Tob. Induc. Dis.

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INTRODUCTION Brick-and-mortar vape shops specialize in the sale of e-cigarettes and remain a primary source for purchasing emerging e-cigarette products. New regulatory policies have been implemented at local-, state- and federal-level; the retail environment at vape shops and product preferences among vape shop customers shifted accordingly. METHODS From 2019 to 2023, we collected anonymous interview data from vape shop customers (n=572) from 83 vape shops in Southern California. We aggregated the data by month and treated each month as the unit of analysis to document changes in recruitment efforts among the vape shops in relation to major policy implementations over 4 years. We also examined the systematic fluctuations and trends in customers’ e-cigarette product preferences and nicotine content in these products. RESULTS The monthly average shop-level consent rate was 52.9% (SD=8.7), with an overall decreasing trend over time. It was necessary for our data collection team to approach a greater number of vape shops to obtain consent with implementation of various state and federal tobacco regulations and following COVID-19. We observed an increase in the purchase of disposable products and nicotine concentrations in the products, while the average use frequency remained the same. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated that user preferences, product characteristics and challenges in research involving vape shops are closely associated to changes in regulations. We documented a dramatic increase in nicotine concentration in products. Future policies restricting the amount of nicotine in tobacco products at the federal level are necessary to protect consumers from further nicotine addiction. This study provides documentation over time of the drastic increases in nicotine concentration among e-cigarette users as a result of the fluctuations in the product market. Regulating nicotine content in tobacco products could safeguard against further unsafe modifications in e-cigarettes and other types of tobacco products.

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CBD-Containing Liquids for e-Cigarettes: Formation of Psychotropic and Secondary Cannabinoids and Amount of CBD Surviving the Smoking Procedure

et al. 2023

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Recently, as the interest in cannabidiol (CBD) has grown due to its therapeutic potential, e-cigarette liquids containing CBD have proliferated on the market. Typically, e-liquids contain variable concentrations of CBD (from 2 mg∙mL−1 to 20 mg∙mL−1) in propylene glycol or 70:30 propylene glycol:glycerol mixture and are eventually flavored with food-grade flavors. In this work, carried out by a GC-MS analysis of the condensed smoke produced by a real e-cig, we have demonstrated the actual amount of CBD that can survive the smoking process, and we found that negligible amounts of THCs are formed during the smoking process (i.e., the amount formed was <0.005 mg for each mg of vaped CBD); considering that the threshold dose for ∆9-THC is around 2.5 mg (smoked or ingested per os), it is reasonable to conclude that accidental THC intoxication is unlikely, which is a very important issue from a forensic point of view, as in some court cases the use of e-cig liquids containing CBD has been argued as being the source of THC intoxication. Furthermore, all the other cannabinoids considered in this study and potentially derived from CBD thermal degradation have concentrations below the instrumental LOD.

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An Assessment of Vape Shop Products in California before and after Implementation of FDA and State Regulations

Cited by 3 publications

References 33 publications

E-cigarettes may serve as a gateway to conventional cigarettes and other addictive drugs

E-cigarettes may serve as a gateway to conventional cigarettes and other addictive drugs

Evaluating trends in recruitment challenges in vape shop research, e-cigarette product characteristics and use among shop customers from 2019 to 2023: A mixed-methods study

CBD-Containing Liquids for e-Cigarettes: Formation of Psychotropic and Secondary Cannabinoids and Amount of CBD Surviving the Smoking Procedure

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