An Atmospheric Turbulence Profile Model for Use in Army Wargaming Applications I

Tofsted, David H.; O'Brien, Sean G.; Vaucher, Gail T.

doi:10.21236/ada509431

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The parameters v and A depend on the atmospheric conditions. For this paper we used the values A = 1.7 × 10 −14 m − 2 3 and v = 21 m/s, which are typical values at sea level during nighttime [70]. Once we have the waist of The variables follow those used in the text: S t is the transmitter's surface, S r is the receiver's surface, σ is the pointing error, d is the distance from the satellite to the ground station, and ζ is the elevation angle from ground.…”

Section: A Numerically Modelling Realistic Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive design and performance analysis of low Earth orbit satellite quantum communication

et al. 2013

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Optical quantum communication utilizing satellite platforms has the potential to extend the reach of quantum key distribution (QKD) from terrestrial limits of ∼200 km to global scales. We have developed a thorough numerical simulation using realistic simulated orbits and incorporating the effects of pointing error, diffraction, atmosphere and telescope design, to obtain estimates of the loss and background noise which a satellite-based system would experience. Combining with quantum optics simulations of sources and detection, we determine the length of secure key for QKD, as well as entanglement visibility and achievable distances for fundamental experiments. We analyze the performance of a low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite for downlink and uplink scenarios of the quantum optical signals. We argue that the advantages of locating the quantum source on the ground justify a greater scientific interest in an uplink as compared to a downlink. An uplink with a ground transmitter of at least 25 cm diameter and a 30 cm receiver telescope on the satellite could be used to successfully perform QKD multiple times per week with either an entangled photon source or with a weak coherent pulse source, as well as perform long-distance Bell tests and quantum teleportation. Our model helps to resolve important design considerations such as operating wavelength, type and specifications of sources and detectors, telescope designs, specific orbits and ground station locations, in view of anticipated overall system performance.2. Photons undergo a rotation to simulate imperfectly aligned polarization optics, and appropriate losses are applied to the quantum channel.3. Photons are measured resulting in count rate statistics, with added noise accounting for background light and detector dark counts. A realistic detector efficiency is used.4. These statistics are taken in various loss and background count rate regimes to assess optimal and typical expected performance.

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Section: A Numerically Modelling Realistic Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive design and performance analysis of low Earth orbit satellite quantum communication

et al. 2013

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“…with ζ the elevation angle of the satellite from the ground, h the altitude of the receiver, and C 2 n (z) the refractive-index structure constant, given by The parameters v and A depend on the atmospheric conditions. For this paper we used the values A = 1.7 × 10 −14 m − 2 3 and v = 21 m s −1 , which are typical values at sea level during nighttime [70]. Once we have the waist of the Gaussian distribution we can use a twodimensional convolution with the intensity profile I 2 ( v) that includes pointing error to obtain the overall beam profile I 3 ( v).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrigendum: A comprehensive design and performance analysis of low Earth orbit satellite quantum communication (2013 New J. Phys. 15 023006)

et al. 2014

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Corrigendum: A comprehensive design and performance analysis of low Earth orbit satellite quantum communication (2013 New J. Phys. 15 023006) Abstract. Optical quantum communication utilizing satellite platforms has the potential to extend the reach of quantum key distribution (QKD) from terrestrial limits of ∼200 km to global scales. We have developed a thorough numerical simulation using realistic simulated orbits and incorporating the effects of pointing error, diffraction, atmosphere and telescope design, to obtain estimates of the loss and background noise which a satellite-based system would experience. Combining with quantum optics simulations of sources and detection, we determine the length of secure key for QKD, as well as entanglement visibility and achievable distances for fundamental experiments. We analyse the performance of a low Earth orbit satellite for downlink and uplink scenarios of the quantum optical signals. We argue that the advantages of locating the quantum source on the ground justify a greater scientific interest in an uplink as compared to a downlink. An uplink with a ground transmitter of at least 25 cm diameter and a 30 cm receiver telescope on the satellite could be used to successfully perform QKD multiple times per week with either 4

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“…These values are often assumed by astronomers for nighttime conditions. However, the Hufnagel-Valley model is often not suitable for daytime conditions [12].…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

LEO-ground scintillation measurements with the optical ground station Oberpfaffenhofen and SOTA/OPALS space terminals

et al. 2016

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The optical satellite-ground channel is turbulent and causes scintillation of the power received by a ground based telescope. Measurements are important to quantify the effect and evaluate common theory. A telescope with 40 cm primary mirror is used to measure the signals from the OPALS terminal on the International Space Station and the SOTA terminal on the SOCRATES satellite. The measurement instrument is a pupil camera from which images are recorded and intensity scintillation index, power scintillation index, probability density function of intensity and intensity correlation width are derived. A preliminary analysis of measurements from three satellite passed is performed, presented and discussed. The intensity scintillation index ranges from ~0.25 to ~0.03 within elevations of 26 to 66 deg. Power scintillation index varies from ~0.08 to ~0.006 and correlation width of intensity between ~11 and ~3 cm. The measurements can be used to estimate the fluctuation dynamics to be expected for a future operational ground receiver. The measurements are compared to model calculations based on the HV 5/7 -profile. Good agreement is observed to some part in the intensity scintillation index. Agreement is less for the power scintillation index and intensity correlation width. The reason seems to be a reduction of aperture averaging in some sections of the measurements due to increased speckle size. Finally, topics for future work are identified to improve the measurement analysis and deeper investigate the origin of the observed behavior.

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An Atmospheric Turbulence Profile Model for Use in Army Wargaming Applications I

Cited by 21 publications

References 13 publications

A comprehensive design and performance analysis of low Earth orbit satellite quantum communication

A comprehensive design and performance analysis of low Earth orbit satellite quantum communication

Corrigendum: A comprehensive design and performance analysis of low Earth orbit satellite quantum communication (2013 New J. Phys. 15 023006)

LEO-ground scintillation measurements with the optical ground station Oberpfaffenhofen and SOTA/OPALS space terminals

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