An early, customized low-glycemic-index diet prevents adverse pregnancy outcomes in overweight/obese women

Petrella, Elisabetta; Tamborrino, V.; Cerbo, Lidia Di; Neri, Isabella; Facchinetti, Fabio

doi:10.23736/s0026-4784.17.04156-9

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…A meta-analysis suggested that the consumption of higher levels of whole grains, nuts, and legumes before and during pregnancy, and lower consumption of meat and fine grains, was associated with a reduced risk of GH. The potential mechanisms could be that coarse grains, such as millet, sorghum, and corn, have relatively high levels of dietary fiber and potassium and low glycemic index (GI) [ 30 ], giving a protective profile against the development of GH. A high-fiber diet may also inhibit cholesterol absorption, helping to reduce blood pressure, and may prevent GH by altering the gut microbiota, which has been reported to be associated with the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, the main physiological pathway of blood pressure homeostasis [ 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of Dietary Patterns during Pregnancy with Gestational Hypertension: The “Born in Shenyang” Cohort Study

Wan

et al. 2022

Nutrients

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The literature on maternal dietary patterns and gestational hypertension (GH) risk is largely ambiguous. We investigated the associations of maternal dietary patterns with GH risk among 1092 pregnant women in a Chinese pre-birth cohort. We used both three-day food diaries (TFD) and food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) to assess the diets of pregnant women. Principal components analysis with varimax rotation was used to identify dietary patterns from the TFD and FFQ, respectively. In total, 14.5% of the participants were diagnosed with GH. Maternal adherence to a “Wheaten food–coarse cereals pattern (TFD)” was associated with a lower risk of GH (quartile 3 [Q3] vs. Q1, odds ratio [OR] = 0.53, 95%CI: 0.31, 0.90). Maternal adherence to a “Sweet food–seafood pattern (TFD)” was associated with lower systolic blood pressure (Q4 vs. Q1, β = −2.57, 95%CI: −4.19, −0.96), and mean arterial pressure (Q4 vs. Q1, β = −1.54, 95%CI: −2.70, −0.38). The protective associations of the “Sweet food-seafood (TFD)” and “Fish–seafood pattern (FFQ)” with the risk of GH were more pronounced among women who were overweight/obese before pregnancy (p for interaction < 0.05 for all). The findings may help to develop interventions and better identify target populations for hypertension prevention during pregnancy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of Dietary Patterns during Pregnancy with Gestational Hypertension: The “Born in Shenyang” Cohort Study

Wan

et al. 2022

Nutrients

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“…Within this Iranian study, recall and observer bias could be an issue as dietary intake of the previous year was assessed by a dietitian after the 20th week of pregnancy once gestational hypertension was already diagnosed and only prepregnancy BMI, age and education were considered as confounding factors [21]. Second, an intervention study in Italy among 370 overweight pregnant women found a lower incidence of gestational hypertension among women prescribed a customized low-glycemic index diet with physical activity counseling according to the ACOG and ACSM recommendations [22,43]. We observed no effects of dietary glycemic index and load on the risk Table 2 Associations of dietary glycemic index and glycemic load with systolic and diastolic blood pressure during pregnancy in total population (n = 3375) a SDS standard deviation score.…”

Section: Interpretation Of Main Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A case–control study in Iran among 202 pregnant women, showed that a daily dietary glycemic load above the median was associated with an increased risk of gestational hypertension [ 21 ]. Likewise, an intervention study in Italy among 370 overweight pregnant women found a lower incidence of gestational hypertension among women who were prescribed a low-glycemic index diet [ 22 ]. No previous studies have examined the influence of low-glycemic index and load diets on gestational blood pressure and placental hemodynamic adaptations, which are major determinants for the development of gestational hypertensive disorders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of dietary glycemic index and load during pregnancy with blood pressure, placental hemodynamic parameters and the risk of gestational hypertensive disorders

et al. 2021

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Purpose The aim of this study was to examine the associations of dietary glycemic index and load with gestational blood pressure, placental hemodynamic parameters and the risk of gestational hypertensive disorders. Methods In a population-based cohort among 3378 pregnant Dutch women, dietary glycemic index and load were assessed from food frequency questionnaires at median 13.4 (95% range 9.9–22.9) weeks gestation. Blood pressure was measured in early-, mid- and late-pregnancy. Placental hemodynamic parameters were measured in mid- and late-pregnancy by ultrasound. Data on gestational hypertensive disorders was acquired from medical records. Results Mean dietary glycemic index (SD) was 58 (3) and mean dietary glycemic load (SD) was 155 (47). Dietary glycemic index was not associated with blood pressure, placental hemodynamic parameters and the risk of gestational hypertensive disorders. Higher dietary glycemic load SDS was associated with a higher diastolic blood pressure in early-pregnancy, remaining after adjustment for socio-demographic and lifestyle factors ((0.98 (95% CI 0.35–1.61) mmHg per SDS increase in glycemic load). No other associations of glycemic load with blood pressure or placental hemodynamic parameters and the risk of gestational hypertensive disorders were present. No significant associations of dietary glycemic index and load quartiles with longitudinal blood pressure patterns from early to late-pregnancy were present. Conclusion Within this low-risk pregnant population, we did not find consistent associations of dietary glycemic index and load with blood pressure, placental hemodynamic parameters and the risk of gestational hypertensive disorders. Further studies need to assess whether the effects on gestational hemodynamic adaptations are more pronounced among high-risk women with an impaired glucose metabolism.

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Predictive Power of Unconjugated Estriol in Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes: A Cohort Study

Amirian¹,

Kariman²,

Hedayati³

et al. 2019

Iran Red Crescent Med J

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Background: Gestational diabetes is the most common antenatal medical complication that is associated with adverse short-and long-term maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes. Reducing maternal and fetal complications requires the early diagnosis of gestational diabetes. Unconjugated Estriol (UE) has led to insulin resistance under in vitro conditions. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the predictive power of unconjugated estriol in the diagnosis of gestational diabetes in Tehran, Iran. Methods: The present historical cohort study was conducted on 523 pregnant women presenting to two university-affiliated hospitals in Tehran, Iran, 2017-2018. The level of unconjugated estriol was determined at the 14th-17th week of pregnancy, and gestational diabetes was diagnosed at the 24th-28th week of pregnancy using the oral glucose tolerance test with 75 grams of glucose. Data were collected through interviews and sampling was carried out using a convenience sampling method. Results: Out of 523 pregnant women examined, 63 (12%) were placed in the gestational diabetes group and 460 (88%) in the nongestational diabetes group. The best cutoff point for unconjugated estriol was determined using the ROC curve as 0.965 MOM. We obtained 66.66% sensitivity, 54.78% specificity, 16.8% positive predictive value, and 92.30 negative predictive value for the UE test. Conclusions: Given the acceptable sensitivity (66.66%) and specificity (54.78%) obtained for the UE test and the area under the ROC curve of 0.60, it appears that the UE test can be considered a new, accessible, and reliable screening test for gestational diabetes.

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An early, customized low-glycemic-index diet prevents adverse pregnancy outcomes in overweight/obese women

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Associations of Dietary Patterns during Pregnancy with Gestational Hypertension: The “Born in Shenyang” Cohort Study

Associations of Dietary Patterns during Pregnancy with Gestational Hypertension: The “Born in Shenyang” Cohort Study

Associations of dietary glycemic index and load during pregnancy with blood pressure, placental hemodynamic parameters and the risk of gestational hypertensive disorders

Predictive Power of Unconjugated Estriol in Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes: A Cohort Study

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