No abstract

Background: Gestational diabetes is the most common antenatal medical complication that is associated with adverse short-and long-term maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes. Reducing maternal and fetal complications requires the early diagnosis of gestational diabetes. Unconjugated Estriol (UE) has led to insulin resistance under in vitro conditions. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the predictive power of unconjugated estriol in the diagnosis of gestational diabetes in Tehran, Iran. Methods: The present historical cohort study was conducted on 523 pregnant women presenting to two university-affiliated hospitals in Tehran, Iran, 2017-2018. The level of unconjugated estriol was determined at the 14th-17th week of pregnancy, and gestational diabetes was diagnosed at the 24th-28th week of pregnancy using the oral glucose tolerance test with 75 grams of glucose. Data were collected through interviews and sampling was carried out using a convenience sampling method. Results: Out of 523 pregnant women examined, 63 (12%) were placed in the gestational diabetes group and 460 (88%) in the nongestational diabetes group. The best cutoff point for unconjugated estriol was determined using the ROC curve as 0.965 MOM. We obtained 66.66% sensitivity, 54.78% specificity, 16.8% positive predictive value, and 92.30 negative predictive value for the UE test. Conclusions: Given the acceptable sensitivity (66.66%) and specificity (54.78%) obtained for the UE test and the area under the ROC curve of 0.60, it appears that the UE test can be considered a new, accessible, and reliable screening test for gestational diabetes.

: There is some controversy over the use of cryotherapy. Low temperatures (Temp) could interfere with coagulation and increase the risk of bleeding. We sought to examine the effect of cryotherapy on joint swelling, temperature, friction, and inflammatory condition after experimental hemarthrosis. The left knee of 23 albino rabbits, 10 in heparin Ice, five in citrate Ice, four in heparin control, and four in citrate control were injected intraarticularly with 1 ml of blood. In total, four animals were considered to be in normal control group. Joint diameter, Temp, and ultrasonography were assessed before the blood injection. One day after the intraarticular blood injection, cryotherapy was applied 4 times per day for 4 consecutive days. Joint diameter and Temp were measured twice a day. After cessation of the protocol, joint diameter and Temp were assessed and sonography performed, animals euthanized, the friction test was performed and the synovial membrane collected, respectively. Joint diameter and Temp were increased after the intraarticular blood injection. Cryotherapy was capable of reducing the swelling and Temp. Ultrasonography findings approved the positive effect of cryotherapy on joint swelling. The proinflammatory tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) reduced by cryotherapy in both cryotherapy groups but Interleukin 1β was only reduced in heparin group. Interleukin-4 increased in heparin Ice group that was in comparison with TNF-α reduction. Cryotherapy reduced joint swelling and has a positive effect on controlling joint inflammation and Temp.

Background The aim of this study was to investigate the DNA methylation pattern in CpG islands of NIS and TIMP-3 promoters in thyroid cancers and the matched non-tumoral tissues as well as multinodular goiter (MNG) tissues. This cross-sectional study was performed on total 64 patients including 28 papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), 9 follicular thyroid cancer (FTC) and 27 MNG cases. Method: The bisulfite sequencing PCR technique was used to evaluate the promoter methylation pattern of the NIS and TIMP-3 genes. Results NIS mRNA levels were decreased in both of PTC and FTC tumoral tissues compared to their adjacent normal tissues (P = 0.04 and P = 0.03, respectively). TIMP-3 expression was also reduced in both PTC and FTC tumoral tissues compared to the adjacent non-tumoral tissues (P = 0.02 and P = 0.03, respectively). Moreover, a significant reduction in TIMP-3 expression was observed in FTC tissues compared to the MNG samples (P = 0.05). The methylation on NIS promoter was not a common event in PTC samples, but it was frequent in FTC (P < 0.05). A significant hyper-methylation was shown in TIMP-3 promoter in both PTC and FTC tissues compared to the non-tumoral and MNG samples (P < 0.05). Conclusion Aberrant promoter DNA methylation suggests potential utility to differentiate benign and malignant PTC and FTC tissues for early diagnosis, and contribution for personalized clinical management and surveillance. According to the reversibility of DNA methylation, these events may be potential targets for demethylating treatments.