An Early, Universal Mediterranean Diet-Based Intervention in Pregnancy Reduces Cardiovascular Risk Factors in the “Fourth Trimester”

Assaf-Balut, Carla; Torre, Nuria García de la; Durán, Alejandra; Bordiú, Elena; Valle, Laura del; Familiar, Cristina; Valerio, Johanna; Jimenez, Inés; Herráiz, M.; Izquierdo-Useros, Nuria; Rünkle, Isabelle; Miguel, María P. De; Montañez, Carmen; Barabash, Ana; Cuesta, Martín; Rubio, Miguel A.; Calle-Pascual, Alfonso

doi:10.3390/jcm8091499

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…These authors indicate that the length of the food supply chain is a key determinant of the risk of MetS in the population living on a Mediterranean diet [30]. Furthermore, the study conducted by Assaf-Baut et al among women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in the 12th-14th week after childbirth shows that the intervention on diet reduced the relative risk of MetS, but not the risk of insulin resistance [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Relationship between the IFNG (rs2430561) Polymorphism and Metabolic Syndrome in Perimenopausal Women

et al. 2020

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Background and Objectives: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multiple risk factor for atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and strokes. One-third of middle-age women are at risk of MetS, which predisposes them to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Changes in the regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines―which play an important role in pathologic processes―may contribute to inflammatory disorders. Cytokine polymorphisms are known to have an impact on gene expression. The purpose of this study was to search for the relationship between the IFNG polymorphisms and the levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Materials and Methods: This study, conducted in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland, involved 416 women. Of these women, 33.6% of them had primary education, 44.8% lived in cities with a population of over 100,000, and 82.7% were married. Of the participants, 28.4% met the criteria for MetS. The study involved: interview performed to collect sociodemographic and medical data, anthropometric measurements, as well as venous blood collection for biochemical analysis, genetic testing and the measurement of inflammatory markers. Results: The link between the IFNG (rs2430561) polymorphism and serum PIC (proinflammatory cytokines) levels was tested with regard to MetS. In the MetS+ subgroup, the T/T and A/T genotypes of the IFNG gene were accompanied by higher IL-6 levels than in the MetS− subgroup. Conclusion: Our study has not confirmed a direct link between the IFNG polymorphisms and the levels of inflammatory biomarkers. Nevertheless, the T/T and A/T genotypes of the IFNG gene may predispose to elevated IL-6 levels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Relationship between the IFNG (rs2430561) Polymorphism and Metabolic Syndrome in Perimenopausal Women

et al. 2020

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“…The MedDiet enriched with EVOO and pistachios has been associated with health benefits in the mother [25,30,31]. There are also suggestions that these benefits can be transferred to postnatal life [32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, our group has shown that an early adherence to a MedDiet-supplemented with extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) and nuts-in pregnancy can reduce the risk of GDM and other adverse materno-fetal outcomes [23,24]. It has also been associated with a better postpartum metabolic profile in the mother [25]. Whether these benefits are conveyed to the offspring, remains to be known.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benefits of Adhering to a Mediterranean Diet Supplemented with Extra Virgin Olive Oil and Pistachios in Pregnancy on the Health of Offspring at 2 Years of Age. Results of the San Carlos Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Prevention Study.

Melero

Assaf-Balut

Torre

et al. 2020

JCM

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The intrauterine environment may be related to the future development of chronic diseases in the offspring. The St. Carlos gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) prevention study, is a randomized controlled trial that evaluated the influence of the early (before 12th gestational week) Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) on the onset of GDM and adverse gestational outcomes. Out of 874 women assessed after delivery (440 control group (CG)/434 intervention group (IG)), 703 children were followed (365/338; CG/IG), with the aim to assess whether the adherence to a MedDiet during pregnancy induces health benefits for the offspring during the first two years of life. Logistic regression analysis showed that the IG in children of mothers with pre-gestational body mass index (BMI) < 25 kg/m2 and normal glucose tolerance (NGT), was associated with a lower risk (RR(95% CI)) of suffering from severe events requiring hospitalization due to bronchiolitis/asthma (0.75(0.58–0.98) and 0.77(0.59–0.99), respectively) or other diseases that required either antibiotic (0.80(0.65–0.98) and 0.80(0.65–0.99), respectively), corticosteroid treatment (0.73(0.59–0.90) and 0.79(0.62–1.00) respectively) or both (all p < 0.05). A nutritional intervention based on the MedDiet during pregnancy is associated with a reduction in offspring’s hospital admissions, especially in women with pre-gestational BMI < 25 kg/m2 and NGT.

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“…In patients with DM2, OO supplementation reduces HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose and inflammatory biomarkers, compared to controls [380]. In addition, MedDiet and MedDiet + EVOO + nuts reduce metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in the postpartum [394,395]. Indeed, a systemic review and meta-analysis, which includes RC trials that examine lipid profile, inflammation, and oxidative stress biomarkers in individuals that consume low MPC OO and high MPC OO, observed the improvement in MDA, oxLDL, Chol, and HDL.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Extra Virgin Olive Oil an Ally for Women’s and Men’s Cardiovascular Health?

Franconi

Campesi

Romani

2020

Cardiovascular Therapeutics

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Noncommunicable diseases are long-lasting and slowly progressive and are the leading causes of death and disability. They include cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) that are rising worldwide, with CVD being the leading cause of death in developed countries. Thus, there is a need to find new preventive and therapeutic approaches. Polyphenols seem to have cardioprotective properties; among them, polyphenols and/or minor polar compounds of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) are attracting special interest. In consideration of numerous sex differences present in CVD and DM, in this narrative review, we applied “gender glasses.” Globally, it emerges that olive oil and its derivatives exert some anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, modulate glucose metabolism, and ameliorate endothelial dysfunction. However, as in prescription drugs, also in this case there is an important gender bias because the majority of the preclinical studies are performed on male animals, and the sex of donors of cells is not often known; thus a sex/gender bias characterizes preclinical research. There are numerous clinical studies that seem to suggest the benefits of EVOO and its derivatives in CVD; however, these studies have numerous limitations, presenting also a considerable heterogeneity across the interventions. Among limitations, one of the most relevant in the era of personalized medicine, is the non-attention versus women that are few and, also when they are enrolled, sex analysis is lacking. Therefore, in our opinion, it is time to perform more long, extensive and lessheterogeneous trials enrolling both women and men.

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An Early, Universal Mediterranean Diet-Based Intervention in Pregnancy Reduces Cardiovascular Risk Factors in the “Fourth Trimester”

Cited by 8 publications

References 23 publications

The Relationship between the IFNG (rs2430561) Polymorphism and Metabolic Syndrome in Perimenopausal Women

The Relationship between the IFNG (rs2430561) Polymorphism and Metabolic Syndrome in Perimenopausal Women

Benefits of Adhering to a Mediterranean Diet Supplemented with Extra Virgin Olive Oil and Pistachios in Pregnancy on the Health of Offspring at 2 Years of Age. Results of the San Carlos Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Prevention Study.

Is Extra Virgin Olive Oil an Ally for Women’s and Men’s Cardiovascular Health?

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