An Economical Regimen of Human Diploid Cell Strain Anti-Rabies Vaccine for Post-Exposure Prophylaxis

Warrell, Mary; Suntharasamai, Pravan; Sinhaseni, Abha; Phanfung, Rod; Vincent-Falquet, J. C.; Bunnag, D; Warrell, D. A.; Viravan, C; Udomsakdi, Dusit; Xueref, C.; Nicholson, Karl G.; Harinasuta, T

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(83)90288-x

Cited by 62 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…higher than that after PVRV alone. A previous study (Warrell et al 1983) of i.m. HDCSV combined with twice the dose of HRIG, 40 i.u./kg, showed no suppression of the GMT on day 14 so perhaps these results indicate variation, not only between batches of the vaccine and the origin of the serum, but also of the vaccinees.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…However, its high cost has confined its use to a privileged few in developing countries. Economical regimens employing multiple-site intradermal inoculation could greatly reduce the expense of this vaccine (Warrell et al 1983(Warrell et al , 1984(Warrell et al , 1985, but it seems unlikely that its production could be increased to satisfy global demand. Recently, doubt has been cast on the potency of some batches of HDCSV (Lemon et al 1984;Centers for Disease Control, 1985) and hypersensitivity reactions have been reported in 1: 900 vaccinees in the United States (Centers for Disease Control, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Purified Vero cell rabies vaccine and human diploid cell strain vaccine: comparison of neutralizing antibody responses to post-exposure regimens

Suntharasamai¹,

Chanthavanich²,

Warrell³

et al. 1986

J. Hyg.

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SUMMARYNeutralizing antibody responses to conventional rabies post-exposure regimens of human diploid cell strain vaccine (HDCSV) and the new purified Vero cell rabies vaccine (PVRV) were compared in 58 healthy Thai veterinary students. The geometric mean titres (GMTs) of the group given HDCSV were slightly higher than those given PVRV, but on day 28 the peak GMTs of the two groups were statistically similar. The early antibody response to PVRV was unaffected by the addition of passive immunization, whereas the level of HDCSV response was reduced on day 14, so that there was no difference on that day between the GMTs of the two vaccine groups given HRIG. However, by day 91 the GMT of those given PVRV and HRIG was lower than in those given HDCSV alone or with HRIG. The appearance of antibody was less rapid than was observed in previous studies using multiple-site intradermal vaccination. Side effects were trivial. Our results confirm the promise of this new, potentially more economical tissue culture vaccine, but they suggest that the regimen could be improved.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Purified Vero cell rabies vaccine and human diploid cell strain vaccine: comparison of neutralizing antibody responses to post-exposure regimens

Suntharasamai¹,

Chanthavanich²,

Warrell³

et al. 1986

J. Hyg.

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“…WHO has recommended that the production of all the nervous tissue vaccine should be discontinued and should be replaced by cell culture vaccines [8]. The first nonnervous tissue culture rabies vaccine became available in North America was purified Duck Embryo Vaccine (PDEC) which was replaced by first modern cell culture rabies vaccine, the Human Diploid Cell Strain Vaccine (HDCV) in USA in 1978 [9]. Further two cell culture vaccines namely Purified Vero Cell Culture Vaccine (PVRV) and Purified Chicken Embryo Cell Vaccine (PCECV) have been developed almost simultaneously and became available around the world by international pharmaceutical companies [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative evaluation for safety & potency of inactivated Cell Culture Rabies Vaccines from four Indian manufacturers

Chand¹,

Bindra

Vaishnav

et al. 2016

Int J of Biomed & Adv Res

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Rabies is a fatal but preventable disease. Various cell culture rabies vaccines (CCRV) are recommended by World Health Organization (WHO) for pre-exposure prophylaxis and post-exposure therapeutic application. In the present study, we have evaluated seventy batches of inactivated CCRV, for safety and potency by test for Virus Inactivation and National Institute of Health (NIH) potency test respectively in Swiss albino mice, produced by four Indian manufacturers, using different cell substrates, rabies virus strains and inactivation methods. For a single batch evaluation, 0.03ml of undiluted vaccine sample was injected intracerebrally into each of 10 mice weighting between 12-15gms in Virus Inactivation test. In NIH potency test, three fivefold dilutions each of reference and test vaccines were used for immunization of mice. A group of 16 mice were immunized with each dilution on day 0 and 7, followed by a challenge dose of 5-50 LD 50 (Median Lethal dose) of Rabies Challenge Virus Standard (CVS) on day 14. The mice were observed for 14 days after challenge dose for the symptoms of fixed rabies virus. The ED 50 (50 % effective dose) of reference and test vaccine were calculated by Reed and Muench formula and the relative potency is calculated through comparison with the reference vaccine. The relative potency of the all the four rabies vaccines were above the recommended potency of 2.5IU/single human dose. All the vaccines tested were found to be safe & potent irrespective of the strain of rabies virus, substrate and inactivation process used in production.

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“…I.d. delivery of vaccines has been shown to provide dose-sparing effects for rabies, hepatitis B, influenza, and rPA vaccines (1,7,8,24,28,37). I.n.…”

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confidence: 99%

Protective Immunity in Mice Achieved with Dry Powder Formulation and Alternative Delivery of Plague F1-V Vaccine

Huang

D'Souza

Alarcon

et al. 2009

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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The potential use of Yersinia pestis as a bioterror agent is a great concern. Development of a stable powder vaccine against Y. pestis and administration of the vaccine by minimally invasive methods could provide an alternative to the traditional liquid formulation and intramuscular injection. We evaluated a spray-freezedried powder vaccine containing a recombinant F1-V fusion protein of Y. pestis for vaccination against plaque in a mouse model. Mice were immunized with reconstituted spray-freeze-dried F1-V powder via intramuscular injection, microneedle-based intradermal delivery, or noninvasive intranasal administration. By intramuscular injection, the reconstituted powder induced serum antibody responses and provided protection against lethal subcutaneous challenge with 1,000 50% lethal doses of Y. pestis at levels equivalent to those elicited by unprocessed liquid formulations (70 to 90% protection). The feasibility of intradermal and intranasal delivery of reconstituted powder F1-V vaccine was also demonstrated. Overall, microneedle-based intradermal delivery was shown to be similar in efficacy to intramuscular injection, while intranasal administration required an extra dose of vaccine to achieve similar protection. In addition, the results suggest that seroconversion against F1 may be a better predictor of protection against Y. pestis challenge than seroconversion against either F1-V or V. In summary, we demonstrate the preclinical feasibility of using a reconstituted powder F1-V formulation and microneedle-based intradermal delivery to provide protective immunity against plague in a mouse model. Intranasal delivery, while feasible, was less effective than injection in this study. The potential use of these alternative delivery methods and a powder vaccine formulation may result in substantial health and economic benefits.

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An Economical Regimen of Human Diploid Cell Strain Anti-Rabies Vaccine for Post-Exposure Prophylaxis

Cited by 62 publications

References 7 publications

Purified Vero cell rabies vaccine and human diploid cell strain vaccine: comparison of neutralizing antibody responses to post-exposure regimens

Purified Vero cell rabies vaccine and human diploid cell strain vaccine: comparison of neutralizing antibody responses to post-exposure regimens

Comparative evaluation for safety & potency of inactivated Cell Culture Rabies Vaccines from four Indian manufacturers

Protective Immunity in Mice Achieved with Dry Powder Formulation and Alternative Delivery of Plague F1-V Vaccine

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