“…References [84,104,106,107] applied their PFEM-solid methods to different types of manufacturing processes, [4,11,12] analyzed tunneling and excavation applications, while bed erosion in river dynamics was tackled in [81,82,86]. Several PFEM-solid formulations have been proposed in the field of soil mechanics and geotechnal engineering, especially for the modelling of frictional materials and granular flows [10,24,56,66,127,128] and for different types of geomechanics problems [75][76][77][78]…”