AN EFFECT OF GRINDING ON MICROHARDNESS AND RESIDUAL STRESS 
IN 20MnCr5 FOLLOWING SINGLE-PIECE FLOW 
LOW-PRESSURE CARBURIZING

Stachurski, Wojciech; Krupanek, Krzysztof; Januszewicz, Bartłomiej; Rosik, Radosław; Wójcik, R.

doi:10.5604/01.3001.0012.7634

Cited by 13 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…This makes abrasive machining of this steel difficult and requires appropriate conditions for the machining process. The works to date in this area [28,29] were devoted to the determination of the effect of the type of abrasive grain used on the microhardness and residual stress when applying GF by the flooding method and the MQL method. The conclusions presented in these papers show that the MQL method may, under certain processing conditions, be an alternative to the flood method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of the Depth of Grinding on the Condition of the Surface Layer of 20MnCr5 Steel Ground with the Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) Method

et al. 2022

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This paper describes the research on abrasive machining conditions and their influence on microhardness and residual stresses distribution in the technological surface layer of 20MnCr5 steel. The roughness of ground samples was also measured. Samples underwent a vacuum carburizing process (LPC) followed by high-pressure gas quenching (HPGQ) in a 4D quenching chamber. Processes were realized with a single-piece flow method. Then, the flat surfaces of samples were ground with a Vortex type IPA60EH20VTX alumina grinding wheel using a flat-surface grinder. The samples were ground to three depths of grinding (ae = 0.01; 0.02; 0.03 mm) with grinding fluid supply using either flood method (WET) or minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) method. The condition of the technological surface layer was described using microhardness and residual stresses, as well as some selected parameters of surface roughness. The results obtained revealed that changes in microhardness as compared to microhardness of the material before grinding were lower in samples ground with grinding fluid supplied with MQL method. At the same time, the values of residual stresses were also better for samples ground using MQL method. Furthermore, the use of grinding fluid fed with MQL method produced lower values of surface roughness compared to the parameters obtained with WET method. It was concluded that for the tested scope of machining conditions, the MQL method can be a favourable alternative to the flood method of supplying grinding fluid into the grinding zone.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of the Depth of Grinding on the Condition of the Surface Layer of 20MnCr5 Steel Ground with the Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) Method

et al. 2022

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“…LPC and HPGQ, when compared with traditional methods, have shown better results [8][9][10][11]. Moreover, the single-piece flow model takes every single element through the exact same position and process conditions as the others, avoiding variations in the physical and metallurgical characteristics over the placement that the element occupies [2,3,12,13]. Additionally, in a 4D quenching chamber, the inflow of cooling gas from all sides and the rotation of parts are performed to support a uniform cooling effect [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Algorithm Scheme to Simulate the Distortions during Gas Quenching in a Single-Piece Flow Technology

et al. 2020

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Low-pressure carburizing followed by high-pressure quenching in single-piece flow technology has shown good results in avoiding distortions. For better control of specimen quality in these processes, developing numerical simulations can be beneficial. However, there is no commercial software able to simulate distortion formation during gas quenching that considers the complex fluid flow field and heat transfer coefficient as a function of space and time. For this reason, this paper proposes an algorithm scheme that aims for more refined results. Based on the physical phenomena involved, a numerical scheme was divided into five modules: diffusion module, fluid module, thermal module, phase transformation module, and mechanical module. In order to validate the simulation, the results were compared with the experimental data. The outcomes showed that the average difference between the numerical and experimental data for distortions was 1.7% for the outer diameter and 12% for the inner diameter of the steel element. Numerical simulation also showed the differences between deformations in the inner and outer diameters as they appear in the experimental data. Therefore, a numerical model capable of simulating distortions in the steel elements during high-pressure gas quenching after low-pressure carburizing using a single-piece flow technology was obtained, whereupon the complex fluid flow and variation of the heat transfer coefficient was considered.

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A model and its experiment using compressed cold air to clean the active surface of a grinding wheel during sharping of a hob cutter

Stachurski

Sawicki

Krupanek

et al. 2022

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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The removal of chips, which is produced during the grinding process and forms, among other things, cloggings on the grinding wheel active surface (GWAS), is key to extending wheel life and achieving low surface roughness. Currently, as a result of the minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) method of delivery coolant into the cutting zone, the support of chips removal with a stream of cooled compressed air (CCA) is becoming particularly important. Among other things, the angle of the CCA jet delivery nozzle with respect to the GWAS is responsible for the removal efficiency, which has to be considered individually for each grinding process variation, and experimental tests alone do not give an idea of the CCA jet flow. In the present study, a numerical flow analysis (using the computational fluid dynamics method) of cooled compressed air in the grinding zone during the sharpening of a hob cutter face was carried out. The results of the numerical simulations were verified experimentally by determining the percentage of the grinding wheel clogging Z%. The experimental results confirmed the conclusions from the numerical analysis regarding the most favorable angle of the CCA nozzle. The Z% = 5.3 clogging index obtained when grinding with the CCA nozzle set at an angle of 45° is 2.5 times lower than the Z% = 13.5 index determined for the most favorable setting of the MQL nozzle. Simultaneous delivery of CCA and air-oil aerosol using the MQL-CCA method resulted in the lowest Z% = 2.5, comparable to the Z% = 2.0 obtained for a grinding wheel operating under cooling conditions with a water-based oil emulsion delivered by the flood method (WET).

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AN EFFECT OF GRINDING ON MICROHARDNESS AND RESIDUAL STRESS IN 20MnCr5 FOLLOWING SINGLE-PIECE FLOW LOW-PRESSURE CARBURIZING

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

The Influence of the Depth of Grinding on the Condition of the Surface Layer of 20MnCr5 Steel Ground with the Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) Method

The Influence of the Depth of Grinding on the Condition of the Surface Layer of 20MnCr5 Steel Ground with the Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) Method

Algorithm Scheme to Simulate the Distortions during Gas Quenching in a Single-Piece Flow Technology

A model and its experiment using compressed cold air to clean the active surface of a grinding wheel during sharping of a hob cutter

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