An effect of repeated conditioning-extinction upon operant strength.

Bullock, Donald H.; Smith, William

doi:10.1037/h0054544

Cited by 89 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In general, reacquisition of a conditioned response after extinction occurs more readily than original acquisition (Bullock & Smith, 1953;Davenport, 1969 ment 2 demonstrated the transfer of extinction through stimulus equivalence classes and confirmed the findings of Experiment 1. The transfer of functions associated with stimulus equivalence is one of the most interesting and important findings in the stimulus equivalence literature.…”

Section: Control Subjectssupporting

confidence: 74%

The Transfer of Respondent Eliciting and Extinction Functions Through Stimulus Equivalence Classes

Dougher

Augustson

Markham

et al. 1994

J Exper Analysis Behavior

265

206

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Two studies investigated the transfer of respondent elicitation through equivalence classes. In Experiment 1, match-to-sample procedures were used to teach 8 subjects two four-member equivalence classes. One member of one class was then paired with electric shock, and one member of the other class was presented without shock. All remaining stimuli were then presented. Using skin conductance as the measure of conditioning, transfer of conditioning was demonstrated in 6 of the 8 subjects. In Experiment 2, similar procedures were used to replicate the results of Experiment 1 and investigate the transfer of extinction. Following equivalence training and conditioning to all members of one class, one member was then presented in extinction. When the remaining stimuli from this class were then presented, they failed to elicit skin conductance. In the final phase of the experiment, the stimulus that was previously presented in extinction was reconditioned. Test trials with other members of the class revealed that they regained elicitation function. These results demonstrate that both respondent elicitation and extinction can transfer through stimulus classes. The clinical and applied significance of the results is discussed.Key words: stimulus equivalence, transfer of function, classical conditioning, extinction, skin conductance, fear, humans Stimulus equivalence has attracted a good deal of interest recently among behavior-analytic researchers. Much of the interest stems from the contention that stimulus equivalence may provide the basis for a behavior-analytic account of symbolic behavior, language, and apparently novel behavior (e.g

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Section: Control Subjectssupporting

confidence: 74%

The Transfer of Respondent Eliciting and Extinction Functions Through Stimulus Equivalence Classes

Dougher

Augustson

Markham

et al. 1994

J Exper Analysis Behavior

265

206

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Presenting the intertrial reinforcement resulted in a significant increase in the probability of response whenever the stimulus on the preceding trial was S-(for each, p < .00 I), but the presentation of the intertrial reinforcement had no significant effect following S+ since the probability of a response to Sfollowing an S+ trial was very high without an intertrial reinforcement. DISCUSSION While it has long been known that the event of reinforcement or nonreinforeement can serve as a clle for further responding (Bullock & Smith, 1953), the data from this experiment showed that both response contingent, and response independent reinforcement increased the probability of response on the following trial when the stimulus sequence was such that, even with correction trials, the antecedent events of reinforcement or nonreinforcement were not correlated with the occurrence of S+ or S-on the next trial. Jenkins (1965) found evidence for discrimination on trials following reinforcement, while the present study, using an experienced S, did not.…”

Section: Subjectmentioning

confidence: 52%

Reinforcement and free feeding as antecedent conditions in a discrete trial discrimination

McCullough

1968

Psychon Sci

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“…Bullock & Smith, 1953). Loss of control over retarded children's behavior over a long series of experimental sessions has been reported by Barrett & Lindsley (1962), and the Brelands (1961) have reported the same phenomenon with some animals.…”

mentioning

confidence: 72%

Operant eyelid conditioning of severely retarded children

Keehn

1965

Psychon Sci

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An effect of repeated conditioning-extinction upon operant strength.

Cited by 89 publications

References 6 publications

The Transfer of Respondent Eliciting and Extinction Functions Through Stimulus Equivalence Classes

The Transfer of Respondent Eliciting and Extinction Functions Through Stimulus Equivalence Classes

Reinforcement and free feeding as antecedent conditions in a discrete trial discrimination

Operant eyelid conditioning of severely retarded children

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