“…[72][73][74][75] Different homogeneous or heterogeneous catalytic systems have been deployed for the multi-component synthesis of substituted imidazoles including ZSM-11 or HY zeolite, dimethylpyridinium trinitromethanide, 3-picolinic acid, silica sulfuric acid, ZrO 2 -Al 2 O 3, ZrO 2 -b-cyclodextrin, nano-Al-MCM-41, triethylammonium acetate as an ionic liquid, I 2 , Keggintype hetero polyacids, chitosan-coated Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles, Fe 3 O 4 -PEG-Cu, Boehmite nanoparticles, silica chloride, 2,6pyromellitic diamide-diacid bridged mesoporous organosilica nanospheres, (N 2 H 5 ) 2 SiF 6 and Fe 3 O 4 /SiO 2 decorated trimesic acid-melamine. 6,40,[76][77][78][79][80][81][82] Despite of their merits, there are also some disadvantages associated with these and similar procedures. These disadvantages include the use of hazardous or expensive reagents, low stability or recyclability of the catalysts as well as yields of desired products, pollution generated during the catalyst preparation, long reaction times and difficult work-up steps.…”