An efficient process for the saccharification of wood chips by combined ionic liquid pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis

Viell, Jörn; Wulfhorst, Helene; Schmidt, Timothy R.; Commandeur, Ulrich; Fischer, Rainer; Spieß, Antje C.; Marquardt, Wolfgang

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2013.07.059

Cited by 31 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Ionic liquids can be used to produce regenerated cellulose fiber at higher yield and better strength than conventional Lyocell fiber due to less polymer degradation (Sixta et al 2015). Ionic liquid pretreatments proved useful in dissolving hemicellulose to give a higher yield in saccharification (Viell et al 2013). Hemicellulose films obtained from ionic liquid pretreatment gave better oxygen barrier properties than those prepared from cold caustic extraction (Laine et al 2016).…”

Section: Niche Markets For Kraft Mill Biorefinery Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating a Biorefinery into an Operating Kraft Mill

Johnson¹,

Hart²

2016

BioResources

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Kraft pulp and paper mills have several advantages for serving the emerging biorefinery industry as a source of raw materials. This review examines technologies for producing liquid biofuels, chemicals, and advanced materials from woody feedstocks to generate new sources of revenue. Market pull comes in part from government policies that drive substitution of petroleum-based products with biobased equivalents. Kraft mills have ample networks to supply feedstocks, whether these are forest residues or byproduct side streams. Pulp mills are well suited to expand sufficiently to accommodate production of value added platform chemicals that are in demand because of brand owner sustainability commitments.

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Section: Niche Markets For Kraft Mill Biorefinery Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating a Biorefinery into an Operating Kraft Mill

Johnson¹,

Hart²

2016

BioResources

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“…An interesting pretreatment strategy was reported using EMIMAc at 115 °C that completely disintegrates the wood chips into single fibers within 1.5 h and gives approximately 65 wt% of sugars after 5 h of enzymatic hydrolysis [ 16 ]. This is much shorter than previously suggested and thus might offer an interesting mild, selective and quick pretreatment option for enzymatic hydrolysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-scale processes of beech wood disintegration and pretreatment with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate/water mixtures

Viell

Inouye

Szekély

et al. 2016

Biotechnol Biofuels

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BackgroundThe valorization of biomass for chemicals and fuels requires efficient pretreatment. One effective strategy involves the pretreatment with ionic liquids which enables enzymatic saccharification of wood within a few hours under mild conditions. This pretreatment strategy is, however, limited by water and the ionic liquids are rather expensive. The scarce understanding of the involved effects, however, challenges the design of alternative pretreatment concepts. This work investigates the multi length-scale effects of pretreatment of wood in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (EMIMAc) in mixtures with water using spectroscopy, X-ray and neutron scattering.ResultsThe structure of beech wood is disintegrated in EMIMAc/water mixtures with a water content up to 8.6 wt%. Above 10.7 wt%, the pretreated wood is not disintegrated, but still much better digested enzymatically compared to native wood. In both regimes, component analysis of the solid after pretreatment shows an extraction of few percent of lignin and hemicellulose. In concentrated EMIMAc, xylan is extracted more efficiently and lignin is defunctionalized. Corresponding to the disintegration at macroscopic scale, SANS and XRD show isotropy and a loss of crystallinity in the pretreated wood, but without distinct reflections of type II cellulose. Hence, the microfibril assembly is decrystallized into rather amorphous cellulose within the cell wall.ConclusionsThe molecular and structural changes elucidate the processes of wood pretreatment in EMIMAc/water mixtures. In the aqueous regime with >10.7 wt% water in EMIMAc, xyloglucan and lignin moieties are extracted, which leads to coalescence of fibrillary cellulose structures. Dilute EMIMAc/water mixtures thus resemble established aqueous pretreatment concepts. In concentrated EMIMAc, the swelling due to decrystallinization of cellulose, dissolution of cross-linking xylan, and defunctionalization of lignin releases the mechanical stress to result in macroscopic disintegration of cells. The remaining cell wall constituents of lignin and hemicellulose, however, limit a recrystallization of the solvated cellulose. These pretreatment mechanisms are beyond common pretreatment concepts and pave the way for a formulation of mechanistic requirements of pretreatment with simpler pretreatment liquors.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13068-015-0422-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…First‐generation dialkylimidazolium ILs were generally used. For example, [emim][OAc] was used as the solvent for the fractionation of wheat straw into lignin and carbohydrate fractions and for the combined pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of wood chips, switch grass ( Miscanthus giganteus ), and sugarcane bagasse . Similarly, Koo and co‐workers used a 1:1 v / v mixture of [emim][OAc] and DMSO to increase the solubility of the lignocellulose and decrease the viscosity of the medium in the pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of rice straw .…”

Section: Lignocellulosic Biomass Conversion In Ils and Dessmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…In the Organosolv process,f or example, lignocellulose is subjected to elevated temperatures (185-210 8C) in water/organic solvent (e.g.,e thanol) mixtures. For [OAc] wasu sed as the solvent for the fractionation of wheat straw into lignin and carbohydrate fractions [127] and for the combined pretreatmenta nd enzymatich ydrolysis of wood chips, [128] switch grass (Miscanthus giganteus), [129] and sugarcane bagasse. [119] Currently,m uch attention is focused on the use of ILs, [120] particularly those derived from renewable feedstocks, [121] as reaction media for saccharification of lignocellulose and further conversion of the substituent sugarsi nto biofuelsa nd commodity chemicals.…”

Section: Pretreatment and Saccharification Of Lignocellulose In Ilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocatalysis and Biomass Conversion in Alternative Reaction Media

Sheldon

2016

Chemistry A European J

154

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In this Minireview, the state of the art in the use of ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as alternative reaction media for biocatalytic processes and biomass conversion is presented. Initial, proof-of-concept studies, more than a decade ago, involved first-generation ILs based on dialkylimidazolium cations and non-coordinating anions, such as tetrafluoroborate and hexafluorophosphate. More recently, emphasis has switched to more environmentally acceptable second-generation ILs comprising cations, which are designed to be compatible with enzymes and, in many cases are derived from readily available, renewable resources, such as cholinium salts. Protic ionic liquids (PILs), prepared simply by mixing inexpensive amines and acids, are particularly attractive from both an environmental and economic viewpoint. DESs, prepared by mixing inexpensive salts with, preferably renewable, hydrogen-bond donors such as glycerol and amino acids, have also proved suitable reaction media for biocatalytic conversions. A broad range of enzymes can be used in ILs, PILs and DESs, for example lipases in biodiesel production. These neoteric solvents are of particular interest, however, as reaction media for biocatalytic conversions of substrates that have limited solubility in common organic solvents, such as carbohydrates, nucleosides, steroids and polysaccharides. This has culminated in the recent focus of attention on their use as (co)solvents in the pretreatment and saccharification of lignocellulose as the initial steps in the conversion of second-generation renewable biomass into biofuels and chemicals. They can similarly be used as reaction media in subsequent conversions of hexoses and pentoses into platform chemicals.

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An efficient process for the saccharification of wood chips by combined ionic liquid pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis

Cited by 31 publications

References 32 publications

Integrating a Biorefinery into an Operating Kraft Mill

Integrating a Biorefinery into an Operating Kraft Mill

Multi-scale processes of beech wood disintegration and pretreatment with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate/water mixtures

Biocatalysis and Biomass Conversion in Alternative Reaction Media

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