“…This can be achieved by using coupled approaches in which the damage evolution equation is directly incorporated and coupled with the constitutive equations. Many authors have used damage models based either on continuum damage mechanics (Guo et al, 2004;Lee et al, 1985;Zhu et al, 1992;Saanouni et al, 2000), or on Gurson's theory (Gelin et al, 1985;Onate and Kleiber, 1988;Brunet et al, 1996;Boudeau and Gelin, 2000), among others.…”