Diastereo isomericerythro and threo forms of 2,3-epoxy-l-phenylphospholane 1-oxides were synthesized from threo and erythro forms of 2-bromo-3-hydroxy-l-phenylphospholane 1-oxides being prepared from l-phenyl-2-phospholene 1-oxide. Alternatively, the epoxides were also prepared by the epoxidation of the 2-phospholene with peroxides such as sodium peroxide and hydrogen peroxide. The reactivity and regioselectivity for the reaction of erythro and threo forms of the 2,3-epoxides with nucleophiles were investigated by using amines, and the reaction afforded 2-amino-3-hydroxy-l-phenylphospholane 1-oxides, which correspond to phospha sugar N-glycosides.2,3-Dibromo-3-methyl-l-phenylphospholane 1-oxides were first prepared from 3-methyl-l-phenyl-2-phospholene 1-oxide. The prepared phospholanes or phospha sugars were biologically qualified by ΜΤΓ(3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) in vitro method to find that some of these phosphorus heterocycles or phospha sugars have quite efficient anti-cancer activity for leukemia cells in manners of (i) wide spectra, (ii) high activities, and (iii) high specificities.