An efficient technique for dairy wastewater treatment

Davarnejad, Reza; Nikseresht, Mehrazin; Ajideh, Iman

doi:10.1111/1471-0307.12475

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“… Kwapinska & Leahy (2017) investigated the properties of sludge collected from milk processing plants in Ireland and reported that the typical ash content was 36.41% ( Kwapinska & Leahy, 2017 ). The high ash content in the dairy processing sludge is due to the addition of ferric coagulants such as FeCl 3 and FeSO 4 in the wastewater treatment plant reduce the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) levels in dairy wastewater ( Davarnejad et al , 2018 ). This explanation is supported by the high Fe concentration (114422 mg/kg) present in the dairy waste used for HTC experiments.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of dairy waste: effect of temperature and initial acidity on the composition and quality of solid and liquid products

Khalaf,

Shi,

Fenton

et al. 2023

Open Res Europe

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Background: Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of dairy processing waste was performed to investigate the effect of temperature and initial pH on the yield and composition of the solid (hydrochar) and liquor produced. All hydrochars met the EU requirements of organo-mineral solid fertilizers defined in the Fertilizing Products Regulation in terms of phosphorus (P) and mineral content. Methods: Laboratory scale HTC was performed using pressurized reactors, and the products (solid and liquid) were collected, stored and analyzed for elemental composition and nutrient content using Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis) and other analytic techniques. Results: Maximum hydrochar yield (60.67%) was observed at T=180℃ and pH=2.25, whereas the maximum P-recovery was 80.38% at T=220℃ and pH=4.6. The heavy metal content of the hydrochars was mostly compliant with EU limitations, except for Ni at T=220℃ and pH=8.32. Meanwhile, further study of Chromium (Cr) species is essential to assess the fertilizer quality of the hydrochars. For the liquid product, the increase in temperature beyond 200℃, coupled with an increase in initial acidity (pH=2.25) drove P into the liquor. Simultaneously, increasing HTC temperature and acidity increased the concentration of NO 3 - and NH 4 + in the liquid products to a maximum of 278 and 148 mg/L, respectively, at T=180℃ and pH=4.6. Furthermore, no direct relation between final pH of liquor and NH 4 + concentration was observed. Conclusions: HTC allows for the production of hydrochar as a potential fertilizer material that requires further processing. Adjusting HTC conditions enhanced P-recovery in the hydrochar, while retrieving higher nitrate concentrations in the liquid product. Optimizing HTC for the production of qualified hydrochars requires further treatment of Cr content, studying the availability of P in the products and enhancing the hydrochar yield for economic feasibility.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of dairy waste: effect of temperature and initial acidity on the composition and quality of solid and liquid products

Khalaf,

Shi,

Fenton

et al. 2023

Open Res Europe

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show abstract

“…Kwapinska & Leahy (2017) investigated the properties of sludge collected from milk processing plants in Ireland and reported that the typical ash content was 36.41% (Kwapinska & Leahy, 2017). The high ash content in the dairy processing sludge is due to the addition of ferric coagulants such as FeCl 3 and FeSO 4 in the waste water treatment plant reduce the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) levels in dairy wastewater (Davarnejad et al, 2018). This explanation is supported by the high Fe concentration (114422 mg/kg) present in the dairy waste used for HTC experiments.…”

Section: Ash Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of dairy waste: effect of temperature and initial acidity on the composition and quality of solid and liquid products

Khalaf¹,

Shi²,

Kwapiński³

et al. 2022

Open Res Europe

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Background: Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of dairy processing waste was performed to investigate the effect of temperature and initial pH on the yield and composition of the solid (hydrochar) and liquor produced. All hydrochars met the EU requirements of organo-mineral solid fertilizers defined in the Fertilizing Products Regulation in terms of phosphorus (P) and mineral content. Methods: Laboratory scale HTC was performed using pressurized reactors, and the products (solid and liquid) were collected, stored and analyzed for elemental composition and nutrient content using Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis) and other analytic techniques. Results: Maximum hydrochar yield (60.67%) was observed at T=180℃ and pH=2.25, whereas the maximum P-recovery was 80.38% at T=220℃ and pH=4.6. The heavy metal content of the hydrochars was mostly compliant with EU limitations, except for Ni at T=220℃ and pH=8.32. Meanwhile, further study of Chromium (Cr) species is essential to assess the fertilizer quality of the hydrochars. For the liquid product, the increase in temperature beyond 200℃, coupled with an increase in initial acidity (pH=2.25) drove P into the liquor. Simultaneously, increasing HTC temperature and acidity increased the concentration of NO3- and NH4+ in the liquid products to a maximum of 278 and 148 mg/L, respectively, at T=180℃ and pH=4.6. Furthermore, no direct relation between final pH of liquor and NH4+ concentration was observed. Conclusions: HTC improved the nutrient content of dairy waste, allowing for the production of potential solid organo-mineral fertilizers requiring additional treatment to ensure safe fertilizer application.

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“…The effluent of this factory contains milk and water used for cleaning, disinfecting, heating, cooling, and washing the floor (Tocchi et al, 2012). The effluent produced depends on factors such as the amount of processed milk, the kind of product and instrument, and the washing way (Davarnejad et al, 2017). The amount and properties of the dairy wastewater depend mainly on the factory size, applied technology, effectiveness, complexity of clean‐in‐place (CIP) methods, good manufacturing practices (GMP), etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollutant removal from dairy wastewater using live Azolla filiculoides in batch and continuous bioreactors

Hosseini

Derakhshi

Rabbani

et al. 2021

Water Environment Research

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Fast and proper treatment of dairy wastewater is necessary before discharging it to the environment. In this study, healthy Azolla filiculoides was used to remove pollutants, including phosphorus (P), sodium (Na), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), and total dissolved solids (TDS) of dairy effluent in batch, continuous system, as well as continuous with the slow stirring system. These systems were handmade. The maximum removal efficiency was related to the P, which obtained 66.25% after 12 h in the batch bioreactor system. The highest removal of 13.69% after 21 h was obtained for Na using continuous with a slow stirring method. The highest removal related to the COD and BOD was 33.53% and 29.93% after 18 h, respectively, in continuous with the slow stirring system. TDS removal was achieved 31.44% after 24 h using the batch system. The results of these three systems were compared with each other using a one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA). There was no significant difference between them. Azolla filiculoides is an abundant plant in northern nature that a biosystem was used for optimum usage. It can be used as an efficient, inexpensive, and affordable bioadsorbent for dairy wastewater treatment. Practitioner points Live Azolla filiculoides was used to remove pollutants. P, Na, BOD, COD, and TDS were removed from dairy wastewater. Batch, continuous, and continuous with the slow stirring systems were used. Live Azolla was an efficient, inexpensive, and affordable bio‐adsorbent for dairy wastewater treatment.

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An efficient technique for dairy wastewater treatment

Cited by 12 publications

References 22 publications

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of dairy waste: effect of temperature and initial acidity on the composition and quality of solid and liquid products

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of dairy waste: effect of temperature and initial acidity on the composition and quality of solid and liquid products

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of dairy waste: effect of temperature and initial acidity on the composition and quality of solid and liquid products

Pollutant removal from dairy wastewater using live Azolla filiculoides in batch and continuous bioreactors

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