An Efficient, Time‐Dependent High Speed Stream Model and Application to Solar Wind Forecasts

Kay, C.; Nieves‐Chinchilla, Teresa; Hofmeister, Stefan J.; Palmerio, Erika

doi:10.1029/2023sw003443

Cited by 2 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…MEOW-HISS uses three regions to represent the SIR, one for the HSS plateau, and another for the tail, in addition to the upstream and downstream regions (ahead of and behind the HSS, respectively). Kay et al (2023) first found the location of the region boundaries within each profile. For each CH, a regression was performed to get each boundary location as a function of time.…”

Section: Meow-hissmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In operation, MEOW-HiSS runs in reverse of the development with the CH area determining the distance coefficients, then the distance coefficients determining the critical values, which then establish the segment within a region. Kay et al (2023) contains a more detailed description of the development and use of MEOW-HiSS.…”

Section: Meow-hissmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With thoughts of the OSPREI interplanetary SW background in mind, Kay et al. (2023) developed the Mostly Empirical Operational Wind with a High Speed Stream (MEOW‐HiSS) model. Based upon a set of MHD HSS simulations, MEOW‐HiSS is a simplified model that can essentially instantaneously generate a one‐dimensional SW profile given the HSS size and distance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The model is time-dependent and can reproduce the original MHD results within 10% accuracy for the radial velocity, density, magnetic field, and temperature. Kay et al (2023) compared MEOW-HiSS results with observed HSSs at 1 au and found that it was able to reproduce the in situ observations over the full HSS profile with average errors of 10% in the radial velocity, as well as 50% in the number density, absolute radial magnetic field, absolute longitudinal magnetic field, and temperature. Using solar rotation to relate time and longitude, MEOW-HiSS can also convert a 1D radial profile to values over the full 2D equatorial plane.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using solar rotation to relate time and longitude, MEOW-HiSS can also convert a 1D radial profile to values over the full 2D equatorial plane. Kay et al (2023) focused only on MEOW-HiSS as a standalone tool for simulating the SW, but suggested the potential use as a background for OSPREI or any other interplanetary CME model. In this work, we present the initial coupling between OSPREI and MEOW-HiSS.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Series of Advances in Analytic Interplanetary CME Modeling

Kay,

Nieves‐Chinchilla,

Hofmeister

et al. 2023

Space Weather

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Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and high speed streams (HSSs) are large‐scale transient structures that routinely propagate away from the Sun. Individually, they can cause space weather effects at the Earth, or elsewhere in space, but many of the largest events occur when these structures interact during their interplanetary propagation. We present the initial coupling of Open Solar Physics Rapid Ensemble Information (OSPREI), a model for CME evolution, with Mostly Empirical Operational Wind with a High Speed Stream, a time‐dependent HSS model that can serve as a background for the OSPREI CME. We present several improvements made to OSPREI in order to take advantage of the new time‐dependent, higher‐dimension background. This includes an update in the drag calculation and the ability to determine the rotation of a yaw‐like angle. We present several theoretical case studies, describing the difference in the CME behavior between a HSS background and a quiescent one. This behavior includes interplanetary CME propagation, expansion, deformation, and rotation, as well as the formation of a CME‐driven sheath. We also determine how the CME behavior changes with the HSS size and initial front distance. Generally, for a fast CME, we see that the drag is greatly reduced within the HSS, leading to faster CMEs and shorter travel times. The drag reappears stronger if the CME reaches the stream interaction region or upstream solar wind, leading to a stronger shock with more compression until the CME sufficiently decelerates. We model a CME–HSS interaction event observed by Parker Solar Probe in January 2022. The model improvements create a better match to the observed in situ profiles.

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Section: Meow-hissmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Meow-hissmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Series of Advances in Analytic Interplanetary CME Modeling

Kay,

Nieves‐Chinchilla,

Hofmeister

et al. 2023

Space Weather

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The Need for Near-Earth Multi-Spacecraft Heliospheric Measurements and an Explorer Mission to Investigate Interplanetary Structures and Transients in the Near-Earth Heliosphere

Lugaz,

Lee,

Al-Haddad

et al. 2024

Space Sci Rev

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Based on decades of single-spacecraft measurements near 1 au as well as data from heliospheric and planetary missions, multi-spacecraft simultaneous measurements in the inner heliosphere on separations of 0.05–0.2 au are required to close existing gaps in our knowledge of solar wind structures, transients, and energetic particles, especially coronal mass ejections (CMEs), stream interaction regions (SIRs), high speed solar wind streams (HSS), and energetic storm particle (ESP) events. The Mission to Investigate Interplanetary Structures and Transients (MIIST) is a concept for a small multi-spacecraft mission to explore the near-Earth heliosphere on these critical scales. It is designed to advance two goals: (a) to determine the spatiotemporal variations and the variability of solar wind structures, transients, and energetic particle fluxes in near-Earth interplanetary (IP) space, and (b) to advance our fundamental knowledge necessary to improve space weather forecasting from in situ data. We present the scientific rationale for this proposed mission, the science requirements, payload, implementation, and concept of mission operation that address a key gap in our knowledge of IP structures and transients within the cost, launch, and schedule limitations of the NASA Heliophysics Small Explorers program.

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An Efficient, Time‐Dependent High Speed Stream Model and Application to Solar Wind Forecasts

Cited by 2 publications

References 57 publications

A Series of Advances in Analytic Interplanetary CME Modeling

A Series of Advances in Analytic Interplanetary CME Modeling

The Need for Near-Earth Multi-Spacecraft Heliospheric Measurements and an Explorer Mission to Investigate Interplanetary Structures and Transients in the Near-Earth Heliosphere

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