An electrically switched ion exchange system with self-electrical-energy recuperation for efficient and selective LiCl separation from brine lakes

Niu, Junjian; Yan, Wenjun; Song, Xiaoyuan; Ji, Wangwang; Wang, Zhongde; Hao, Xiaogang; Guan, Guoqing

doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118995

Cited by 30 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The system had a stable Li intercalation capacity, an impurity rejection rate of up to 97%, and a Li recovery of about 83.3%. In a recent study, [20] described electrochemical systems that used an electrically activated ion exchange system to separate Li salts from lake brines efficiently. In this investigation, nanocomposites BiO-Cl@PPy and λ-MnO2 were selected as electroactive materials that gave the high Li + selectivity of λ-MnO2 and the Clselectivity of the modified PPy layer.…”

Section: Electrodialysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithium Extraction Method from Geothermal Brine to Find Suitable Method for Geothermal Fields in Indonesia: A Review

Suud

Suryantini²,

Mubarok³

2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Lithium has become an essential metal for modern industries. Specifically, the growth of battery-based electric vehicles will demand much more lithium shortly. Many studies have been conducted to find the sources of lithium; one of them is geothermal brine. Indonesia has enormous geothermal resources; some fields have lithium content that can potentially be extracted. Various methods in the extraction process of lithium from the geothermal brine have been developed, both on laboratory and pilot projects. Conventionally, solar evaporation has been used to concentrate lithium from brine, but it takes a long time and depends on the weather. Thus, a more rapid and selective process is desired to fulfill the market demand and avoid weather constraints. This paper reviews the lithium extraction from the geothermal brine by direct extraction methods using solvent extraction, adsorption and ion exchange, membrane, and electrodialysis. The study is based on a desktop study and aims to summarize the knowledge, method, technology, and techniques of lithium extraction from geothermal brine that has already been used and to find out which extraction method is suitable for the Indonesian geothermal field. Multiple-stages solvent extraction from geothermal brine well X in Dieng performed by the authors demonstrated a lithium extraction efficiency of 94% and indicated an opportunity to be further investigated to extract lithium from the Dieng geothermal brine.

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Section: Electrodialysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithium Extraction Method from Geothermal Brine to Find Suitable Method for Geothermal Fields in Indonesia: A Review

Suud

Suryantini²,

Mubarok³

2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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“…[238,241,243] However, the use of conductive polymers, Prussian blue analogues and bismuth has also been recently investigated. [230,[244][245][246][247] It is important to note that electroactive materials should be stable in water, present their electrochemical activity within the stability window of aqueous solutions, and show a high lithium selectivity toward other ions such as Na + , Mg 2+ found in the brine (see Table 2).…”

Section: Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To the best of our knowledge, two systems operating with bismuth have been published in 2021. [246,247] Niu et al combined a lithium removal electrode based on 𝜆-MnO 2 with a BiOClpolypyrrole (PPy) electrode. [247] The electrochemical cell based on these electrodes showed a lithium removal capacity of 11 mg g −1 consuming 1 Wh mol Li −1 when lithium was extracted from an electrolyte of 100 × 10 −3 m LiCl + 2.5 m Na 2 SO 4 .…”

Section: Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[246,247] Niu et al combined a lithium removal electrode based on 𝜆-MnO 2 with a BiOClpolypyrrole (PPy) electrode. [247] The electrochemical cell based on these electrodes showed a lithium removal capacity of 11 mg g −1 consuming 1 Wh mol Li −1 when lithium was extracted from an electrolyte of 100 × 10 −3 m LiCl + 2.5 m Na 2 SO 4 . In the case of the system proposed by Zhao et al, the counter electrode was based on nanocrystalline bismuth electrodeposited on a titanium sheet.…”

Section: Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Advances in the Lithium Recovery from Water Resources: From Passive to Electrochemical Methods

et al. 2022

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The ever-increasing amount of batteries used in today's society has led to an increase in the demand of lithium in the last few decades. While mining resources of this element have been steadily exploited and are rapidly depleting, water resources constitute an interesting reservoir just out of reach of current technologies. Several techniques are being explored and novel materials engineered. While evaporation is very time-consuming and has large footprints, ion sieves and supramolecular systems can be suitably tailored and even integrated into membrane and electrochemical techniques. This review gives a comprehensive overview of the available solutions to recover lithium from water resources both by passive and electrically enhanced techniques. Accordingly, this work aims to provide in a single document a rational comparison of outstanding strategies to remove lithium from aqueous sources. To this end, practical figures of merit of both main groups of techniques are provided. An absence of a common experimental protocol and the resulting variability of data and experimental methods are identified. The need for a shared methodology and a common agreement to report performance metrics are underlined.

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“…Polypyrrole (PPy) has been used as an adsorbent for heavy metals and organic dyes because of its electrical conductivity and excellent redox properties. , Specifically, the backbone of PPy is neutrally charged in the reduced state and positively charged in the oxidized state, making PPy especially suitable for the adsorption of anions through electrically switched ion exchange (ESIX), , an electrochemical technology combining ion exchange and electrochemistry to realize a selective and reversible separation process. ESIX has been widely used for the separation of many metallic and inorganic ions such as Ag + , Li + , Cs + , K + , ClO 4 – , CrO 4 2– , F – , RSO 3 – , ReO 4 – , etc. − In the ESIX system, PPy layers deposited onto conducting carriers act as ion exchangers that are controlled directly by the potential modulation to switch chemical states from oxidation to reduction for anion uptake and elution, respectively. Compared with other adsorbent-based methods, ESIX exhibited more aggressive behavior in reducing the dependence on the eluent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrically Controlled Anion Exchange Based on a Polypyrrole/Carbon Cloth Composite for the Removal of Perfluorooctanoic Acid

et al. 2021

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A simple and effective process for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) removal using electrically switched ion exchange was developed by depositing polypyrrole (PPy) on the conductive material. As a conducting polymer, PPy can switch between the oxidized state (with positive surface charges) and the reduced state (without surface charges), which results in anion exchange upon application of an oxidation or reduction potential, making it a suitable adsorbent for PFOA, a challenging anionic organic contaminant in the natural aqueous environment. Adsorption mechanisms and the regeneration ability of the PPy were explored through adsorption and desorption tests in an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (E-QCMD) system and via batch experiments. In the batch experiments, carbon cloths coated with PPy were used as adsorbents, showing excellent selectivity of PFOA over common inorganic anionic species, such as Cl–, NO3 –, and SO4 2–. More than 90% of adsorbed PFOA can be quickly released within 30 min via the electrically controlled desorption method. The results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis provide direct evidence for the anion-exchange process, which happens between Cl– and PFOA during the redox switching of PPy. The results of this study show the possibility of a novel process for the removal of PFOA from contaminated water.

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An electrically switched ion exchange system with self-electrical-energy recuperation for efficient and selective LiCl separation from brine lakes

Cited by 30 publications

References 41 publications

Lithium Extraction Method from Geothermal Brine to Find Suitable Method for Geothermal Fields in Indonesia: A Review

Lithium Extraction Method from Geothermal Brine to Find Suitable Method for Geothermal Fields in Indonesia: A Review

Recent Advances in the Lithium Recovery from Water Resources: From Passive to Electrochemical Methods

Electrically Controlled Anion Exchange Based on a Polypyrrole/Carbon Cloth Composite for the Removal of Perfluorooctanoic Acid

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