An electrochemical study of reduced ilmenite carbon paste electrodes

Marinovich, Y.; Bailey, Stuart; Avraamides, J.; Jayasekera, S.

doi:10.1007/bf00233900

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The mechanism of iron rusting can be considered as an accelerated electrochemical corrosion in which metallic iron was corroded by dissolved oxygen followed by oxidizing ferrous to ferric. These compounds are subsequent hydrolysis and precipitation as hydrous iron oxides [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. The precipitated iron compounds were separated from the solution yielding synthetic rutile.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Organic Acid Addition on the Formation of Precipitated Iron Compounds

Nguyen¹,

Truong²,

Duong³

2016

Acta Metall Slovaca

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In this work, acetic and citric acids were used along with ammonium chloride in the removal of iron from reduced Hatinh ilmenite. Iron removal was carried out at 70ºC, 4 liter/min of air flow rate, 7/1 of liquid/solid ratio and 0.5% NH4Cl as catalyst. After 9 hours, metallic iron was decreased from 30.3% in reduced ilmenite to 0.5% in synthetic rutile. The addition of 0.4% acetic acid into NH4Cl solution reduces removal time to 5 hours, residual metallic iron (RMI) was also 0.5%. The addition of 0.4% citric acid also reduces removal time to 5 hours, RMI was reduced to 0.33%. The rusting rate of metallic iron increased when acid concentration increased from 0.1 to 1%. The results indicated that acetic and citric acids could be used as additional catalysts along with NH4Cl in the removal of metallic iron in reduced ilmenite. The acid have the capability to form complexes with iron and also showed impact on the formation of precipitated iron compounds.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Organic Acid Addition on the Formation of Precipitated Iron Compounds

Nguyen¹,

Truong²,

Duong³

2016

Acta Metall Slovaca

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“…In the Becher process, the iron is removed from reduced ilmenite by corrosion with oxygen in a 1% ammonium chloride solution. Marinovich et al (1995) and Kumari et al (2002) conducted electrochemical studies of reduced ilmenite using carbon paste electrodes in ammonium chloride electrolytes. It was reported that the rutile phase catalyse the anodic dissolution of iron.…”

Section: (Ii) Cyclic Voltammetry Of Ilmenite In Chloride Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of Nano Titanium Dioxide Synthesis and the Mineralogical Characterization of Ilmenite Ore as Raw Material

Supriyatna¹,

Astuti²,

Sumardi³

et al. 2021

IJTech

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“…Ammonium chloride is an established and widely used catalyst in the removal of metallic iron from reduced ilmenite. It has the ability to buffer solution, to prevent passive iron oxides film forming on particle surface and its ability to form a complex with the iron (II) ions [3][4][5][6]. Throughout the years, there have been studies on the possibility of accelerating the aeration process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acetic Acid and Sodium Acetate Mixture as an Aeration Catalyst in the Removal of Metallic Iron in Reduced Ilmenite

Truong¹,

Nguyen²,

Duong³

2017

Acta Metall Slovaca

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Acetic acid and sodium acetate mixture (AASAM) was used as an aeration catalyst in the removal of metallic iron in reduced ilmenite. The efficiency of the catalyst was then compared to the standard ammonium chloride catalyst used in industry. Obtained results show that faster rate of iron removal could be achieved with AASAM while the molar concentrations of both AASAM and ammonium chloride were 0.1M. The highest rate of iron removal was achieved at the mixture proportion of 0.025M CH3COONa and 0.075M CH3COOH, aeration parameters of 70 °C, solid/liquid ratio of 1/7 and air flow rate of 4.0 lit/min. At those experimental conditions, the aeration time was shortened from 9 hours when NH4Cl was used to 6 hours when AASAM was used. In both cases, the obtained rutile contains approx. 82% TiO2 and less than 0.5% metallic iron. The results indicated that AASAM could be used as a replacement for the NH4Cl catalyst in the aeration of reduced ilmenite.

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An electrochemical study of reduced ilmenite carbon paste electrodes

Cited by 4 publications

References 18 publications

Impact of Organic Acid Addition on the Formation of Precipitated Iron Compounds

Impact of Organic Acid Addition on the Formation of Precipitated Iron Compounds

Correlation of Nano Titanium Dioxide Synthesis and the Mineralogical Characterization of Ilmenite Ore as Raw Material

Acetic Acid and Sodium Acetate Mixture as an Aeration Catalyst in the Removal of Metallic Iron in Reduced Ilmenite

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