An electrochromic device combining polypyrrole and WO3 II: solid-state device with polymeric electrolyte

Paoli, Marco-Aurélio De; Zanelli, Alberto; Mastragostino, Marina; Rocco, Ana Maria

doi:10.1016/s0022-0728(97)00308-2

Cited by 48 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…These disadvantages however may be avoided, if electrochemical polymerization is applied [15 -21]. Thickness and morphology of the film are easily controlled by type of solvent, electrolyte concentration and type of electrode material, current density, applied potential, polymerization time and temperature [15,16]. The optimization of these parameters in order to obtain nanostructured and reasonably stable PPy in air and in aqueous media opens the way for entrapment and/or doping of polypyrrole by various biomaterials such as small organic molecules, DNA, proteins and even living cells [17 -20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Synthesis and Characterization of 1,2‐Naphthaquinone‐4‐Sulfonic Acid Doped Polypyrrole

et al. 2007

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Polypyrrole thin film microelectrodes prepared from an aqueous solution of the sodium salt of 1, 2-napthaquinone-4-sulfonic acid and pyrrole in hydrochloric acid as the supporting electrolyte was characterized electrochemically for the first time and found to exhibit good electronic and spectroscopic properties. Voltammetric investigations showed that the polymer exhibited quasireversible kinetics in a potential window of À 400 mV to 700 mV, with a formal potential of 322 mV vs. Ag/AgCl. The diffusion coefficient was calculated to be 1.02 Â 10 À6 cm 2 s À1 for a thin film with a surface concentration of 1.83 Â 10 À7 mol cm À2 having a rate constant of 2.20 Â 10 À3 cm s À1 at 5 mV s À1 . Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy provided quantitative information about the conductivity changes within the modified polymer and support for the quasireversible kinetics suggested by voltammetry. The changes in electrical properties of the polymer during electrochemical p-doping and n-doping were quantified by equivalent electrical circuit fitting and assisted in the identification of the suggested kinetic mechanism. SNIFTIRS confirmed the incorporation of the surfactant into the polypyrrole film and for the first time structural changes within the polymer were observed that could be related to the observed electrochemistry of the polymer.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Synthesis and Characterization of 1,2‐Naphthaquinone‐4‐Sulfonic Acid Doped Polypyrrole

et al. 2007

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“…PEO is among the first and most studied polymers for polymer solid electrolytes that are applied in solid-state batteries [3], capacitors [4] and electrochromic devices [5]. However, PEO (i) possesses appreciable ionic conduction only above 65 8C and (ii) can be processed and applied at higher temperatures, where partial decomposition may already occur [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-oxidative thermal degradation of poly(ethylene oxide): kinetic and thermoanalytical study

Pielichowski¹,

Flejtuch²

2005

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

130

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“…Polypyrroles prepared in the presence of amphiphilic organic anions show improved mechanical properties and stability to repeated potential switching compared to polypyrrole prepared with inorganic anions [14]. Small size anions such as Cl À or BF 4 À are removed from oxidized PPy by cathodic polarization [7], while bulky polyanion dopants (such as sulfonated aromatic organic acids) remain attached to the polymer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Interrogation and Sensor Applications of Nanostructured Polypyrroles

et al. 2006

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The polymerization of pyrrole in b-naphthalene sulfonic acid (NSA) gave nanotubules, nanomicelles or nanosheets of polypyrrole (PPy) depending on the amount of NSA in the polymer and the temperature of the reaction. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements showed that the diameters of the nanostructured polypyrrole-bnaphthalene sulfonic acid (PPyNSA) composites were 150 -3000 nm for the tubules, 100 -150 nm for the micelles and 20 nm for the sheets. A red shift in the UV-vis absorption spectra of PPy was observed for PPyNSA which indicates the involvement of bulky b-naphthalene sulfonate ion in the polymerization process. The UV-vis also showed the existence of polaron and bi-polaron in the polymer which may be responsible for the improved solubility of PPyNSA compared to PPy. All the characteristic IR bands of polypyrrole were observed in the FTIR spectra of PPyNSA, with slight variation in the absolute values. However, the absence of NÀH stretching at 3400 cm À1 and 1450 cm À1 usually associated with neutral polypyrrole confirms that the polymer is not in the aromatic state but in the excited polaron and bipolaron defect state. Electrochemical analysis of PPyNSA reveals two redox couples: a/a' -partly oxidized polypyrrole-naphthalene sulfonate radical cation/neutral polypyrrole naphthalene sulfonate; b/b' -fully oxidized naphthalene sulfonate radical cation/partly reduced polypyrrole-naphthalene sulfonate radical anion. The corresponding formal potentials measured at 5 mV/s, E8' (5 mV/s) , are 181 mV and 291 mV, respectively. Amperometric phenol sensor constructed with PPyNSA on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) gave a sensitivity of 3.1 mA M À1 and a dynamic linear range of 0.65 -139.5 mM. The data for the determination of phenol on the GCE/ PPyNSA electrode was consistent with the electrocatalytic Michaelis-Menten model, giving an apparent MichaelisMenten constant (K M ') value of 160 mM.

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An electrochromic device combining polypyrrole and WO3 II: solid-state device with polymeric electrolyte

Cited by 48 publications

References 21 publications

Electrochemical Synthesis and Characterization of 1,2‐Naphthaquinone‐4‐Sulfonic Acid Doped Polypyrrole

Electrochemical Synthesis and Characterization of 1,2‐Naphthaquinone‐4‐Sulfonic Acid Doped Polypyrrole

Non-oxidative thermal degradation of poly(ethylene oxide): kinetic and thermoanalytical study

Electrochemical Interrogation and Sensor Applications of Nanostructured Polypyrroles

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