An electrogenerated chemiluminescent biosensor based on a g-C₃N₄–hemin nanocomposite and hollow gold nanoparticles for the detection of lactate

Abstract

In this article, a new electrochemiluminescent (ECL) biosensor based on a g-C 3 N 4 -hemin nanocomposite and hollow gold nanoparticles (HGNPs) was constructed to detect lactate. Firstly, the g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets were prepared through ultrasonication-assisted liquid exfoliation of bulk g-C 3 N 4 , which was obtained through polymerizing melamine under 600 C. Then, the nanocomposites of g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets and hemin were prepared to modify a glassy carbon electrode. Subsequently, HGNPs were self-assembled onto the electrode for adsorbing lactate oxidase to achieve a lactate biosensor. Due to the excellent catalytic effect of g-C 3 N 4 -hemin and HGNPs on the luminol/H 2 O 2 ECL system, the as-prepared biosensor exhibited a good response performance to lactate with a linear range of 1.7 Â 10 À8 to 5.0 Â 10 À4 M and a detection limit of 5.5 Â 10 À9 M. In addition, the prepared ECL biosensor exhibited satisfying reproducibility and stability. The g-C 3 N 4 -hemin nanocomposite might have great potential application in a luminol/H 2 O 2 ECL system.

Graphitic carbon nitride-based nanocomposites and their biological applications: a review

“…Table 1 lists various biosensors combined with g-CN nanosheets, which are organized according to year and function. g-CNs as biosensors are divided into electrochemical biosensors (ECL) [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49] and persistent luminescence (PL) 17,21,[50][51][52][53] biosensors and electrochemical biosensors can be used for biological or chemical sensing. An electrochemical signal can be converted into an electronic signal, and the intensity of this signal is proportional to the concentration of the analyte.…”

Noble metal nanoparticles in biosensors: recent studies and applications

“…Having such important characteristics and their dominant role in CL and ECL biosensors, several interesting studies have been carried out on enzymatic biosensors for the determination of important biomolecules by trying different shapes of AuNPs and/or support materials to achieve better efficacy. Some examples are AuNP catalyzed luminol-based cholesterol sensing ECL biosensor [36], the lactate sensing luminol and hollow AuNP-based ECL biosensor [165], and the hollow gold nanosphere catalyzed luminol-based ECL glucose biosensor [37]. …”

Graphitic-phase carbon nitride-based electrochemiluminescence sensing analyses: recent advances and perspectives

“…Thus, the improvement of emission efficiency signicantly enhances the detection sensitivity in the eld of ECL sensors, especially in g-C 3 N 4 -based ECL assays. [59][60][61][62] The coreactant ECL emission mechanism can be divided into "reductive-oxidation" (R-O) ECL and "oxidative-reduction" ECL (O-R) according to the involved oxidation or reduction pathway on modied electrode surface.…”