An Electromyographic Study of the Activity of Certain Suprahyoid Muscles (Mainly the Anterior Belly of Digastric Muscle) and of the Reciprocal Innervation of the Elevator and Depressor Musculature of the Mandible

Carlsöö, S

doi:10.1159/000141091

Cited by 44 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Hyoid motion results from change in the relative positions, and distance between, the hyoid and the mandibular symphysis, which, in turn, depends on mandibular position relative to the cranium. Analysis of the experimental data shows that the hyoid can travel upward and forward toward a slowly opening jaw, and that it can be pulled sharply backward from a jaw held in a wide gape ; also see Carlsöö, 1956;Pancherz et al, 1986). It is also clear that the geometry of the relationship between the hyoid and the mandible in man is such that their relative positions are affected by the direction and amplitude of jaw movement (Folkins and Kuehn, 1982).…”

Section: (2) the Kinetic Chainmentioning

confidence: 95%

Tongue Movements in Feeding and Speech

Hiiemäe

Palmer

2003

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

325

183

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ABSTRACT:The position of the tongue relative to the upper and lower jaws is regulated in part by the position of the hyoid bone, which, with the anterior and posterior suprahyoid muscles, controls the angulation and length of the floor of the mouth on which the tongue body 'rides'. The instantaneous shape of the tongue is controlled by the 'extrinsic muscles' acting in concert with the 'intrinsic' muscles. Recent anatomical research in non-human mammals has shown that the intrinsic muscles can best be regarded as a 'laminated segmental system' with tightly packed layers of the 'transverse', 'longitudinal', and 'vertical' muscle fibers. Each segment receives separate innervation from branches of the hypoglosssal nerve. These new anatomical findings are contributing to the development of functional models of the tongue, many based on increasingly refined finite element modeling techniques. They also begin to explain the observed behavior of the jaw-hyoid-tongue complex, or the hyomandibular 'kinetic chain', in feeding and consecutive speech. Similarly, major efforts, involving many imaging techniques (cinefluorography, ultrasound, electro-palatography, NMRI, and others), have examined the spatial and temporal relationships of the tongue surface in sound production. The feeding literature shows localized tongue-surface change as the process progresses. The speech literature shows extensive change in tongue shape between classes of vowels and consonants. Although there is a fundamental dichotomy between the referential framework and the methodological approach to studies of the orofacial complex in feeding and speech, it is clear that many of the shapes adopted by the tongue in speaking are seen in feeding. It is suggested that the range of shapes used in feeding is the matrix for both behaviors.

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Section: (2) the Kinetic Chainmentioning

confidence: 95%

Tongue Movements in Feeding and Speech

Hiiemäe

Palmer

2003

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

325

183

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“…For a complete overview of the applied muscle tensions to be acquired, their physiological crosssections, architecture, and degree of activation must be estimated. Physiological cross-sections have been estimated from anatomic cross-sections (Weijs and Hillen, 1984;Koolstra and van Eijden, 1992) and muscle activation from EMG recordings (Carlsöö, 1952(Carlsöö, , 1956aMøller, 1966;Lehr et al, 1971;Widmalm et al, 1988;Murray et al, 1999a,b), but it is questionable whether such methods can be applied routinely to all muscles involved. Masticatory muscle architecture has been studied in vitro (van Eijden et al, 1997), but the influence of individual variations on model predictions and the possibility of applying relevant corrections have not been established.…”

Section: (4) Final Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of the Human Masticatory System

Koolstra

2002

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

206

110

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ABSTRACT:In this review, the movement characteristics of the human masticatory system are discussed from a biomechanical perspective. The discussion is based upon the three fundamental laws of mechanics applied to the various anatomical structures that are part of the masticatory system. An analysis of the forces and torques applied to the mandible by muscles, joints, articular capsules, and teeth is used to assess the determinants of jaw movement. The principle of relating the interplay of forces to the center of gravity of the lower jaw, in contrast to a hinge axis near its joints, is introduced. It is evident that the muscles are the dominant determinants of jaw movement. The contributions of the individual muscles to jaw movements can be derived from the orientation of their lines of action with respect to the center of gravity of the lower jaw. They cause the jaw to accelerate with six degrees of freedom. The ratio between linear and angular accelerations is subtly dependent on the mass and moments of inertia of the jaw, and the structures that are more or less rigidly attached to it. The effects of articular forces must be taken into account, especially if the joints are loaded asymmetrically. The muscles not only move the jaw but also maintain articular stability during midline movements. Passive structures, such as the ligaments, become dominant only when the jaw reaches its movement boundaries. These ligaments are assumed to prevent joint dislocation during non-midline movements.

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“…Dies steht im Einklang mit der Tätigkeit des aktiven Muskels in der isometrischen Längen-Spannungs-Kurve [12]. Dies kann auch als ein Effekt der reziproken Innervation interpretiert werden [7], da es sich bei dem M. temporalis um einen antagonistischen Muskel handelt, der der Vorverlagerung des Unterkiefers entgegenwirkt. Möglicherweise kann der Rückgang der EMGAktivität auch auf den relativen Mangel an Erfahrung des Patienten mit dem Tragen einer fest eingegliederten funktionskieferorthopädischen Apparatur in den ersten Monaten zurückzu-führen sein (Zahnempfindlichkeit während der Behandlung, Sorge um Weichteilverletzungen und Bruch der Apparatur).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…EMG activity was recorded prior to treatment (1), considered as baseline; at the prefunctional stage (2), as change may occur after leveling in the muscle activity due to disturbance of the occlusion; at 1 month of functional treatment (3), as neuromuscular changes may take place sooner than the morphological changes: at 3 months (4) because a positional response of the mandible often becomes apparent with functional appliances at this stage; at 6 months (5), as some children could present a delayed response; and at 12 (6), 18 (7), and 24 months (8), after discontinuing treatment with Forsus™ in order to monitor the stability of the neuromuscular adaptation over a 2-year observation period.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dies kann entweder durch einen stärkeren Speichelfluss bedingt sein, ausgelöst durch das Einbringen eines nicht löslichen Materials in die Mundhöhle, oder das Ergebnis eines größeren Kraftaufwandes seitens der Versuchsperson. Speichelschlucken auf Kommando zur Bewertung der Muskel- cal innervation [7], the temporalis muscle being an antagonistic muscle to a protrusive mandibular movement. A drop in EMG activity might also have been due to the patients' relative inexperience wearing a fixed functional appliance, sore teeth during treatment, worries about soft-tissue damage, and breakage during the first few months.…”

Section: Muskelaktivität üBer Einen 24-monatigen Beobachtungszeitraumunclassified

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