An Electron Microscope Study of Two Strains of Potato X Virus

Takahashi, William N.; Rawlins, T. E.

doi:10.2307/2437501

Cited by 6 publications

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“…It is a characteristic of viruses that they mutate and some electron ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF VIRUSES 69 microscope studies have been made of mutations of two well-known plant viruses with rod-shaped particles, that of tobacco mosaic and potato virus X. The resulting photographs showed no perceptible difference in the appearance or length of the particles of these two viruses and their strains Rawlins, 1946 and.…”

Section: Chapter VII Electron Microscopy Of Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Introduction to the Study of Viruses

1951

JAMA

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At the time of writing this book, there has been no attempt to present the study of viruses as the separate discipline of-to use a bastard word-virology. Heretofore, the subject has been divided up into artificial compartments, plant viruses, animal viruses, and bacteriophages, as if there were no common bond between them. I have therefore attempted to survey the whole field, superficially no doubt, but in such a way that the relationships between these interesting agents may become clear to the student. In doing this I am aware that I am inviting criticism and that there may be little in common between, say, the viruses of vaccinia or psittacosis and some of the very small plant viruses. We can, however, follow Boycott's suggestion of a descending scale with the smallest organisms at one end and the protein molecule at the other. In between those limits, and perhaps overlapping at each end, lie the viruses, a heterogeneous collection no doubt but all showing-some characteristics in common. Like most modern scientific disciplines, but more so than some, the study of viruses becomes essentially a matter of team work because of its many contacts with other subjects and its wide ramifications through much of the field of natural science. This makes it a difficult matter for one writer to cover the field in an adequate, if only introductory, manner and a severe test of his comprehension of the subject. I have, nevertheless, written this book in the hope that it will be of use, not only to the 'Virologist," if such a person exists, but also to the biochemist, the biologist, the medical student and anyone else who is interested in that borderland country whose boundaries were described by Aristotle as "indistinct and doubtful." Grateful acknowledgment is due to my colleague, Dr. Roy Markham, for his constructive criticism of Chapters V to VIII, and for taking many o£ the photographs used in the illustrations.

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Section: Chapter VII Electron Microscopy Of Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Introduction to the Study of Viruses

1951

JAMA

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“…Journal articles from 1946 (39) and throughout the 1960s (3,10,21,25,40,41) contain electron micrographs of PVX which show at least four different particle sizes, but the authors appear to have regarded them as fragmentation artifacts. I measured the rod lengths of PVX particles in electron micrographs published by Levin (25) and Venekamp and Mosch (41).…”

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Multipartite nature of potato virus X

Price

1993

J Virol

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Potato virus X (PVX) was among the first viruses to be purified. Nonetheless, properties of the purified virus remain contentious. The literature has been heavily influenced by the concept of a virus as a monopartite entity. Despite the fact that electron micrographs invariably show large proportions of shorter virus particles, the latter are universally ignored. Seven distinct classes of particle lengths were detected. Seven RNA species of approximate sizes 6.4, 3.6, 3.0, 2.1, 1.8, 1.4, and 0.9 kb were extracted from these purified virus preparations. This study shows clearly that shorter PVX particles are not breakage products and indicates that they may reflect fundamental properties of the genome strategy. Furthermore, other potexviruses have been found to contain many shorter particles, and the level of these particles is stable during purification. PVX is generally

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“…Despite these treatments crystals of virus could not be obtained from the purified and concentrated solution. Recent electron micrographs of a strain of this virus (Takahashi and Rawlins, 1946), called virulent latent ringspot (Larson, 1943(Larson, , 1944, have revealed the shape of its particles to be long and tenuous (average dimensions 16 X 500-600 mp. ).…”

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“…Squash mosaic virus has been shown to be relativelv stable in vitro and to occur in moderatelv high" concentrations in the suscept plant (Freitag, 1941). Electron micrographs (Takahashi and Rawlins, 1947) show the virus as spherical particles with an average diameter of 30 mp: It is therefore not surprising that it was feasible to purify, concentrate and crystallize this virus.…”

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confidence: 99%