An Electron Microscope Study of Curd Fibers of Sodium Laurate

Marton, L.; McBain, James W.; Vold, Robert D.

doi:10.1021/ja01852a058

Cited by 44 publications

(36 citation statements)

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“…26,27 These results again emphasize the important role of PLL 5 in SL gelation at such a low concentration, which might be derived from the interaction between PLL 5 and SL in aqueous solution as suggested by the ITC results ( Figure 2). Moreover, the hydrogels presented herein are limpid rather than turbid as shown previously.…”

Section: Polymerization Of Pll 5 and Slsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…In this study, we demonstrated that poly (α,L-lysine) with polymerization degree as 5 (PLL 5 ) can bind to sodium salts of fatty acids (SFA) with intermediate sizes such as sodium laurate (SL) through non-covalent interactions. 26,27 These results again emphasize the important role of PLL 5 in SL gelation at such a low concentration, which might be derived from the interaction between PLL 5 and SL in aqueous solution as suggested by the ITC results ( Figure 2). TEM analyses revealed that long, thin fibers initially formed upon mixing PLL 5 with SL, becoming thick and entangled after 12 h, and finally leading to the formation of limpid hydrogels.…”

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confidence: 64%

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Self-assembly of the sodium salts of fatty acids into limpid hydrogels through non-covalent interactions with peptides

et al. 2015

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It is crucial for hydrogel preparation to find appropriate gelators. Fatty acids are widely distributed in nature, and thus their utilization has received much attention. In this study, we demonstrated that poly (α,L-lysine) with polymerization degree as 5 (PLL 5 ) can bind to sodium salts of fatty acids (SFA) with intermediate sizes such as sodium laurate (SL) through non-covalent interactions. Such binding resulted in SL polymerization. TEM analyses revealed that long, thin fibers initially formed upon mixing PLL 5 with SL, becoming thick and entangled after 12 h, and finally leading to the formation of limpid hydrogels. In contrast, other SFA could not form such hydrogel under the same experimental conditions. Except for PLL 5 , PLL 7 also induced SL self-assembly into similarly limpid hydrogels, while its other analogues with smaller or larger size did not. Thus, the formation of this limpid hydrogel presented here exhibited high selectivity for the size of both SFA and poly (α,L-lysine).These findings might be beneficial for application of fatty acids in industry. IntroductionHydrogels are super-water-absorbent natural or synthetic polymer systems, which can pass the "inversion test"-turn a vial of hydrogel upside down and it is able to support its own weight without falling down. 1 Though there are several other definitions, hydrogels are essentially two-component mixtures of a small amount (typically less than 2% by weight) usually of a polymer gelator forming a network immobilizing a much larger mass of water by surface tension or capillary force. 2 The three-dimensional networks of hydrogels are usually formed by cross-linking polymer chains through covalent bonds, hydrogen bonding, van der Waals interactions, or physical entanglements. 3, 4 By imitating protein and self-assembly materials studies, 5,6 Estroff and Hamilton 2 broke down a hydrogel into a primary, secondary, and tertiary structure for better understanding of its formation mechanism. The primary structure of the hydrogel is determined by the molecular level recognition events that promote anisotropic aggregation in one or two dimensions of gelator molecules. And the morphology of the aggregates is the secondary structure, namely, micelles, vesicles, fibers, ribbons, or sheets, which is directly influenced by the primary structure. The tertiary structure of the hydrogel is defined as the interaction of individual aggregates, which determines whether a hydrogel can be formed.Networks immobilizing mass of water endows hydrogels with the ability to protect drugs or functional factors from hostile environments and to release them in response to environmental stimuli such as change of temperature or pH. Because of these interesting properties, hydrogels have been studied extensively over the past 9 entropy. This result is opposite to a recent report where sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was found to bind to PLL 5 with a negative ∆S° and a negative ∆H°, 22 and thus the reaction appears to be driven by enthalpy. Both SDS and SL molecules have a long h...

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Section: Polymerization Of Pll 5 and Slsupporting

confidence: 64%

supporting

confidence: 64%

Self-assembly of the sodium salts of fatty acids into limpid hydrogels through non-covalent interactions with peptides

et al. 2015

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“…[7] A key step is generally the spatially controlled self-assembly of monolayers on a substrate. [8] Although several systems have been investigated, only assemblies of siloxanes on silicon oxide [9] and of alkanethiolates on gold [10] are widely exploited. Biomedical devices are however mostly manufactured from polymers and metals other than gold.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Method toward Microengineered Surfaces Based on Reactive Coating

Lahann

Choi

Lee

et al. 2001

Angewandte Chemie Intl Edit

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By using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) a range of substrates can be coated with a highly reactive polymer containing pentafluorophenol ester groups (see scheme). A biotin‐modified pattern is generated on the substrate by microcontact printing; such a pattern interacts specifically with fluorescein‐conjugated streptavidin and thereby the pattern becomes observable with fluorescence microscopy.

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“…The resemblance between th e unshadowed specimen ( fig . 7,B) and t hat published by Marton, McBain, and VoId [5] is very interesting because th e soap structures seem to be independent of the two different m ethods of r~ specimen preparation and of the ionic or monionic nat.ure of the solvents used. In th e less concentrated areas, the bundled fibers appear to be flattened out into a sheaf-like pattern ( fig.…”

Section: The Sodium Soapsmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Th e curd fi bers of sodium laUl'ate h ave been invest igated by ~l a r lon, l\ [CBain, and ' Vold [5] with th e aid of an elecl ron m icroscope, and h ave b een sllOwn Lo cons ist of a mass of fib ers that ar e thin ri bbons whose widt hs a re r epo rted l o bc inLegral mult iples of app rox imate1y Lwice the leng lh of Lh e soap molec ule.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of alkali soaps by electron microscopy

Hattiangdi¹,

Swerdlow²

1949

J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN.

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The mor phological di fferences between sel'era l close l~' related alk ali soaps ha I-e bcen determ ined by t he techniq ues of electron microscopy. T he crysta llin e a lkai i soaps consist of an in terlocked m esh of b un dled fi be),s, Il'h ereas t he liq uid-cr ystall ine soaps exhibit a flage llar and/or featureless pha~e. The m.ice ll ar groupings fo r the indi yid ual soaps arc uniq ue, and a sche me based upon the elecl ron m icrographs is suggested fo), thei r characte rization. T he struct ures of li th ium, sodium, a nd potassium palmi tateR arc close ly related. T he Iau rate, palmitate, and stearate of sodium a lso exh ibit homologous st ru ct ures .T he resu lts of these mo rphological inyestigations offe r a rapid and acc urate means of identification and hal'e been succesR[ull.I' a pplied to t he p roblem of characle ri7,ing comme rcial soaps of Unk ll oll' n composition.

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An Electron Microscope Study of Curd Fibers of Sodium Laurate

Cited by 44 publications

References 1 publication

Self-assembly of the sodium salts of fatty acids into limpid hydrogels through non-covalent interactions with peptides

Self-assembly of the sodium salts of fatty acids into limpid hydrogels through non-covalent interactions with peptides

A New Method toward Microengineered Surfaces Based on Reactive Coating

Characterization of alkali soaps by electron microscopy

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