An Embedded Stress Sensor for Concrete SHM Based on Amorphous Ferromagnetic Microwires

Olivera, J.; Hernández, Melchor G.; Fuente, José Vicente; Varga, R.; Zhukov, А.; Anaya, J.J.

doi:10.3390/s141119963

Cited by 49 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…After demolding, it was placed in immersion at 20 °C for 28 days. The process to cast and calibrate the MMCC sensor was similar to that used in [23].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The arrangement of MMCC sensors was described in Section 2.3, and the experimental setup was similar to that described in [23]. Figure 5 shows the setup for monitoring during the stress cycles.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, magnetic domain wall propagation at low frequency has become an important research topic because the possibility of contactless stresses measuring inside a material. A cement-based stress/strain sensor was developed by using the stress/strain sensing property of an embedded magnetic microwire in a cement-based composite (MMCC) [23]. The individual magnetic sensor consists of a magnetic microwire embedded in a cement-based material to ensure good coupling of the sensor to the concrete-based material where this sensor will be embedded.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Microwire-Based Sensor Array for Measuring Wheel Loads of Vehicles

Olivera

Aparicio

Hernández

et al. 2019

Sensors

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In this paper, a magnetic microwire-based sensor array embedded under the pavement is proposed as a weighing system at customs ports of entry. This sensor is made of a cementitious material suitable for embedding within the core of concrete structures prior to curing. The objective of this research is to verify the feasibility of stress monitoring for concrete materials using an array of cement-based stress/strain sensors that have been developed using the magnetic sensing property of an embedded microwire in a cement-based composite. Test results for microwire-based sensors and gauge sensors are compared. The strain sensitivity and their linearity are investigated through experimental testing under compressive loadings. Sensors made of these materials can be designed to satisfy specific needs and reduce costs in the production of sensor aggregates with improved coupling performance, thus avoiding any disturbance to the stress state.

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“…After demolding, it was placed in immersion at 20 °C for 28 days. The process to cast and calibrate the MMCC sensor was similar to that used in [23].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Microwire-Based Sensor Array for Measuring Wheel Loads of Vehicles

Olivera

Aparicio

Hernández

et al. 2019

Sensors

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“…However, these sensors have some problems, such as single testing direction, high cost, bad durability, and poor compatibility with concrete. The emergence of cement-based smart composites [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] provides a new sensing mean for structural health monitoring, and it has been well applied in civil engineering as embedded sensors. However, although the cement-based smart sensor has high sensitivity, good linearity, and well compatibility with concrete, it is greatly affected by environmental factors, especially temperature and humidity, and has poor plasticity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Three-Dimensional Strain Rosette Sensor Based on Graphene Composite with Piezoresistive Effect

Wei

Dong

et al. 2019

Journal of Sensors

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Obtaining the internal stress and strain state of concrete to evaluate the safety and reliability of structures is the important purpose of concrete structural health monitoring. In this paper, a three-dimensional (3D) strain rosette sensor was designed and fabricated using graphene-based piezoresistive composite to measure the strains in concrete structures. The piezoresistive composite was prepared using reduced graphene oxide (RGO) as conductive filler, cellulose nanofiber (CNF) as dispersant and structural skeleton, and waterborne epoxy (WEP) as polymer matrix. The mechanical, electrical, and electromechanical properties of RGO-CNF/WEP composite were tested. The results show that the tensile strength, elastic modulus, and conductivity of the composite are greatly improved by the addition of RGO and CNF. The relative resistance change of composite films demonstrates high sensitivity to mechanical strain with gauge factors of 16-52. Within 4% strain, the piezoresistive properties of composites are stable with good linearity and repeatability. The sensing performance of the 3D strain rosette was tested. The measured strains are close to the actual strains of measure point in concrete, and the error is small. The RGO-CNF/WEP composite has excellent mechanical and piezoresistive properties, which enable the 3D strain rosette to be used as embedded sensor to measure the internal strain of concrete structures accurately.

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“…Other types of sensors that can be embedded are sensors that can tell the structural health of the concrete. Such structural health monitoring, SHM sensors can be made up of ferromagnetic microwire [40], piezoelectric materials [41][42] and fibre-optics [43], which do not require a lot of power to operate. For longer duration of operations, it is therefore possible to power these embedded sensors with energy that can be harvested from the environment.…”

Section: Embedded Sensors For Building Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation/design of scalable RF metaresonator for building material

Sum¹

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Globally, governments are building smarter, greener and more sustainable buildings with the help of technological innovations. Deploying embedded WSN in buildings is one of the promising technologies that enables such a vision. However, such sensors face challenges in sourcing long term power, and transmission of wireless signals in and out of building materials. One way to source power is from the ambient RF signals. To harvest such energy, RF energy harvesting antenna is an important component in embedded WSN systems. This antenna can also be responsible for wireless communications. In addition, building materials enclosing the embedded antenna also affects the transmission of RF power for harvesting and communications. In this thesis, a study on the concepts of metamaterial and electrically small antennas is performed to combine both concepts in the design of an electrically small antenna, and a scalable antenna array suitable for RF energy harvesting and wireless communications. Another aspect affecting RF energy harvesting and wireless communications indoors is also investigated in this thesis. Analysis into some commonly used admixtures to compare the effects on the embedded arrays and the resulting materials is done. Combining concepts from metamaterials and electrically small antenna, an electrically small metaresonator is designed. This antenna has a maximum dimension of one-tenth the wavelength of WiFi spectrum at channel 13. Using the stubbed design, the resonant frequency can be tuned to the required centre frequency at channel 7. The resulting antenna Abstract xviii has a S11 of −25 dB, gain of −16 dB and an efficiency of −9 dB, within expectations of an ESA. This electrically small metaresonator is then used as an array element to form into an array using DC combiner topology. Due to its geometry and combining the concepts of

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An Embedded Stress Sensor for Concrete SHM Based on Amorphous Ferromagnetic Microwires

Cited by 49 publications

References 28 publications

Microwire-Based Sensor Array for Measuring Wheel Loads of Vehicles

Microwire-Based Sensor Array for Measuring Wheel Loads of Vehicles

A Three-Dimensional Strain Rosette Sensor Based on Graphene Composite with Piezoresistive Effect

Investigation/design of scalable RF metaresonator for building material

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