Microwire-Based Sensor Array for Measuring Wheel Loads of Vehicles

Abstract

In this paper, a magnetic microwire-based sensor array embedded under the pavement is proposed as a weighing system at customs ports of entry. This sensor is made of a cementitious material suitable for embedding within the core of concrete structures prior to curing. The objective of this research is to verify the feasibility of stress monitoring for concrete materials using an array of cement-based stress/strain sensors that have been developed using the magnetic sensing property of an embedded microwire in a cement-based composite. Test results for microwire-based sensors and gauge sensors are compared. The strain sensitivity and their linearity are investigated through experimental testing under compressive loadings. Sensors made of these materials can be designed to satisfy specific needs and reduce costs in the production of sensor aggregates with improved coupling performance, thus avoiding any disturbance to the stress state.

Advanced functional magnetic microwires for technological applications

“…Another advantage of glass-coated microwires is associated with the presence of a thin and flexible glass coating, which provides improved corrosion properties, adhesion to polymer matrices, and biocompatibility [65,195]. These features of glass-coated microwires make them suitable for a number of emerging applications, such as non-destructive stress and temperature monitoring, biomedical applications, and smart composites with magnetic microwire inclusions [65,[195][196][197].…”

“…The GMI effect at GHz frequencies is of considerable interest for the development of new sensor technology and tunable microwave materials [65,[196][197][198][199]. The use of magnetic wires in composite materials allows the possibility to control the dielectric response at high frequencies upon external stimuli (e.g.…”

“…Accordingly, glass-coated microwires present a unique combination of physical properties, such as an excellent combination of magnetic and magnetotransport properties (magnetic softness, high GMI effect, magnetic bistability and related fast DW propagation, the GMR efect, and the MCE) [21,39,61,62], mechanical [54,63] and anticorrosive properties, and biocompatibility [58][59][60] together with thin dimensions, making them suitable for various technological applications. Several applications of such microwires include ultrasensitive magnetoelastic and magnetic sensors, magnetic random-access memory (MRAM), magnetic biosensors and magnetic hyperthermia, and smart composites sensitive to external stimuli utilizing such microwires [5,16,58,[64][65][66][67][68].…”

The Design and Production of a Suitable Carrier for Microwires Used for Non-Contact Detection of Mechanical Strains

“…They are produced by a method of rapid cooling of the melt while drawing [25]. Due to positive magnetostriction, these microwires are suitable for measuring temperature and deformation fields [26][27][28][29]. The sensitivity, reliability, and applicability of microwire sensors result from evaluation of the influences of several factors, which are (1) the dimensions and chemical composition of the microwire; (2) the material properties, shape, and dimensions of the microwire carrier; (3) the stress range; and (4) the method of installing the sensor on the surface of the structural member.…”

Modelling and Measurement of Magnetically Soft Nanowire Arrays for Sensor Applications

“…Helical anisotropy can be established by annealing under torsion [12], allowing for the construction of coil-less fluxgate sensors [13,14], whereas other sensors use domain-wall velocity [15]. Passive wireless strain sensors based on microwires can be embedded into composite structures [16]. Glass-covered wires are produced by the Tailor method, which allows the production of diameters from below 1 µm up to 50 µm [17].…”