An empirical model for the variation of rain drop size distribution with rain rate at a few locations in southern India

Harikumar, R.; Sampath, S.; Kumar, Vivek

doi:10.1016/j.asr.2008.11.001

Cited by 34 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The difference shown in the fit parameter b clearly reflects the difference in these data, although the difference is very small. The possible errors in the measurement of rain DSD using the Joss-Waldvogel impact-type disdrometer have been discussed in detail by Harikumar et al (2009). And the possible errors in the measurement of rain DSD and integral rain parameters using the MRR are explained below.…”

Section: Comparison Of the Mrr And Disdrometer Datamentioning

confidence: 98%

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Altitudinal and temporal evolution of raindrop size distribution observed over a tropical station using a K-band radar

Harikumar

Sampath

Kumar

2011

International Journal of Remote Sensing

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Rain drop size distribution (DSD) measurements at different heights were made using a micro rain radar (MRR) at Thiruvananthapuram (latitude: 8.3 • N, longitude: 76.9 • E). Rain DSD data obtained from the MRR have been compared with a Joss-Waldvogel impact-type disdrometer (RD-80) deployed nearby and found to have good agreement. The analysis uses data collected during 16 continuous rainfall episodes during the southwest monsoon (June to September, JJAS) season. Since all the episodes behaved similarly, a single continuous rainfall episode occurring from 1610:01 to 1612:31 hours Indian Standard Time (IST) on 12 August 2006 is presented here. The fall velocity of those drops that contributed most to the rain rate was more or less constant at different altitudes and also with time during this episode, and the average value was 4.65 m s −1 . The rain rate (RR) was below 5 mm h −1 for all the heights throughout the time. At the beginning of the rain episode, the number of drops at any given altitude was lower for larger drops. But towards the end of the episode, the number of drops in the smallest size class had reduced at almost all heights, whereas the number of drops in the larger size classes had increased. This suggests that the larger drops coming from above on colliding with smaller drops could coalesce, thus sweeping out the smaller drops as they fall. The reduction of small drops is seen with a corresponding increase in larger drops and without increase also during the course of a rainfall event. The former is an indication of coalescence while the latter is that of evaporation. All these observed phenomena in the natural rain support the observations made by Low and List in 1982.

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Section: Comparison Of the Mrr And Disdrometer Datamentioning

confidence: 98%

“…An empirical model for the variation of rain DSD with rain rate (RR) at these locations has also been developed by Harikumar et al (2009). The preliminary experimental measurements of rain DSD at Thiruvananthapuram (see figure 1) using a micro rain radar (MRR) were also presented by Harikumar et al (2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Altitudinal and temporal evolution of raindrop size distribution observed over a tropical station using a K-band radar

Harikumar

Sampath

Kumar

2011

International Journal of Remote Sensing

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“…Intense rainfall causes splashing and vibrations is also reported to distort the measurement of smaller drop sizes [142,144,145]. Measurement accuracy difficulties caused by laser technology recovery time (dead time error), and noise distortion that affect the measurement of smaller drop sizes are known to restrict precise measurement to 1 mm effects [145][146][147][148].…”

Section: Precise Measurement Of Smaller Rain Dropsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rain Drop Measurement Techniques: A Review

Kathiravelu

Lucke

Nichols

2016

Water

126

108

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For over a century there have been many studies that describe the use of rain drop measurement techniques. Initial manual measurement methods evolved due to improved technology to include photographic and, more recently, automated disdrometer and laser measurement techniques. Despite these numerous studies, there have been few comparative reviews of the range of methodologies, and their relative performance. This review explores the raindrop measurement techniques available, and summarizes and classifies the techniques according to the method or principle involved. The requirements of a robust raindrop measurement technique are suggested, and these are reviewed against existing rain drop measurement techniques to provide a comparative guide to the use of the range of techniques available for any research study. This review revealed that while advances in technology have allowed many of the deficiencies of early techniques to be eliminated, challenges remain in relation to the precision of the measurement of the size, shape, and velocity of rain drops.

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“…The M-P distribution is good for a stratiform rain since this was developed using data of mid-latitude stratiform rain events (Williams & Gage, 2009). Several measurement results have shown that a lognormal function can also fit well raindrop size distributions for convective rain events or tropical rain with higher rain intensity (Feingold & Levin, 1986;Harikumar, Sampath, & Sasi Kumar, 2009;Williams & Gage, 2009). Bae et al (2006) showed that the below-cloud scavenging coefficient values for the M-P distribution was larger than those for the lognormal raindrop distribution due to larger number concentration of small particle for the M-P distribution than the lognormal distribution.…”

Section: Derivation Of the Aerosol Dynamics Governing Equation Using mentioning

confidence: 95%

Derivation and verification of an aerosol dynamics expression for the below-cloud scavenging process using the moment method

Bae

Jung

Kim

2010

Journal of Aerosol Science

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An empirical model for the variation of rain drop size distribution with rain rate at a few locations in southern India

Cited by 34 publications

References 9 publications

Altitudinal and temporal evolution of raindrop size distribution observed over a tropical station using a K-band radar

Altitudinal and temporal evolution of raindrop size distribution observed over a tropical station using a K-band radar

Rain Drop Measurement Techniques: A Review

Derivation and verification of an aerosol dynamics expression for the below-cloud scavenging process using the moment method

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