“…Baseline flow (with no flow control) in serpentine inlet or S-shaped ducts have been extensively studied both experimentally and numerically. 10,19,34,35 Furthermore, many studies have been carried out to investigate the effectiveness of flow control in serpentine inlet ducts using both passive control techniques such as vortex generators, 3,5,6,18,22 as well as active flow control based on steady or unsteady blowing or suction such as vortex generator jets or tangential control jets. 4,26,[31][32][33] Recently similar types of techniques have been applied and studied both experimentally and numerically for boundary-layer-ingesting (S-duct) inlets.…”