An empirical typology of energy services based on a well-developed market: France

A method to estimate the size and remaining market potential of the U.S. ESCO (energy service company) industry

“…Germany's industry was comprised of~200e500 ESCOs. Similar to the United States, both France and Germany's ESCO industries have experienced steady growth [3,10]. Other European and Asian countries' markets, excluding China, are approximately one-tenth the size of the leading countries or smaller.…”

“…Although ESPCs are making inroads in these markets, many European countries (e.g., France, Italy, U.K., Spain and Switzerland) typically use the "chauffage" financial model [3,10] which differs from the dominant contractual approaches used by U.S. ESCOs (i.e., guaranteed savings). In the chauffage business model, ESCOs supply energy and provide long-term O&M services, in addition to managing demand-side efficiencies.…”

“…$300M). 5 We applied these median growth rates to non- 3 This definition aligns with the European Commission Directive (2006/32/EC) on Energy End-use Efficiency and Energy Services standard definition of an ESCO, in particular the delivery of energy services and that some degree of performancebased financial risk is held by the ESCO [9,10]. 4 A Delphi technique is a process used in business forecasting to reach a consensus via the solicitation and comparison of the views of a small group of experts [11].…”

“…In a performance contract, the ESCO guarantees energy and/or dollar savings for the project and ESCO compensation is therefore linked in some fashion to the performance of the project". 3 This work builds on previous LBNL (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory) U.S. ESCO industry research that includes analysis of information from a database of over 4000 completed ESPC projects [1,2] and previous research drawing upon interviews with ESCO executives [2,4]. We analyze the market size, recent growth trends and market characteristics of the U.S. ESCO industry and provide a preliminary estimate of the remaining ESCO industry market potential (expressed in terms of investment opportunity and projections of potential energy savings) using a methodology we developed to accommodate data limitations.…”

Spreading the rooftop revolution: What policies enable solar-as-a-service?

“…Such contracts have been used to remove the burden of financing and maintenance from users of local energy installations through third-party solutions, financing investments through the savings achieved (e.g., Duplessis et al, 2012;Sorrell, 2007;Steinberger et al, 2009). Solar TPO contracts are generally plainer than performance contracts, simply selling solar electricity at a predetermined rate.…”