An Encapsulation‐Based Sodium Storage via Zn‐Single‐Atom Implanted Carbon Nanotubes

Abstract

The properties of high theoretical capacity, low cost, and large potential of metallic sodium (Na) has strongly promoted the development of rechargeable sodium‐based batteries. However, the issues of infinite volume variation, unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), and dendritic sodium causes a rapid decline in performance and notorious safety hazards. Herein, a highly reversible encapsulation‐based sodium storage by designing a functional hollow carbon nanotube with Zn single atom sites embedded in the carbon shell (ZnSA‐HCNT) is achieved. The appropriate tube space can encapsulate bulk sodium inside; the inner enriched ZnSA sites provide abundant sodiophilic sites, which can evidently reduce the nucleation barrier of Na deposition. Moreover, the carbon shell derived from ZIF‐8 provides geometric constraints and excellent ion/electron transport channels for the rapid transfer of Na+ due to its pore‐rich shell, which can be revealed by in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM). As expected, Na@ZnSA‐HCNT anodes present steady long‐term performance in symmetrical battery (>900 h at 10 mA cm−2). Moreover, superior electrochemical performance of Na@ZnSA‐HCNT||PB full cells can be delivered. This work develops a new strategy based on carbon nanotube encapsulation of metallic sodium, which improves the safety and cycling performance of sodium metal anode.

Zinc Single‐Atom‐Regulated Hard Carbons for High‐Rate and Low‐Temperature Sodium‐Ion Batteries

“…[1] Hard carbons (HCs) have attracted remarkable attention as the preferred SIB anode, which are reported to be capable of Na storage within suitable graphitic DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211461 microdomains and nanopores. [2] To date, numerous attempts have been made to improve the electrochemical performance of HCs, including expanding interlayer distance to enable fast (de)intercalation of Na + in the graphitic domains; [3] optimizing the porous system to boost the Na + /Na cluster storage within suitable pores; [4] as well as introducing heteroatoms (e.g., N, [5] S, [6] F, [7] etc.) or defects [8] to provide more charge adsorption sites, etc.…”

Microenvironment Engineering of Single/Dual‐Atom Catalysts for Electrocatalytic Application

“…bonds. [51][52][53][54] Different type of coordination elements has different effects on the reaction selectivity and activity of SACs. [55] Zhao et al synthesized three types of Pt-X-C (X = S, C, N) motifs by anchoring Pt atoms on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by different ligand atoms to regulate the selectivity of 2e − or 4e − ORR pathway (named as Pt-X-C, Figure 1a,b).…”

Zeolite Imidazolate Frameworks (ZIFs) Derived Nanomaterials and their Hybrids for Advanced Secondary Batteries and Electrocatalysis

“…(g) Cyclic performance of the AC@CoP/NCNTs/CNFs and pure CoP electrodes at a current density of 0.1 A g À 1 . [141] of near 100% metal atom utilization and high specific activity due to the coordination of metal atom in SACs by a variety of electron donors, such as C, O, P, N and S. [144][145] Recently, the preparation of catalysts comprising porphyrin-like metal SACs on N-doped carbons (MÀ NÀ C) has been proved as an effective approach from the pyrolysis of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) precursor. For example, Wang et al presented the elaborate investigation of the evolution of Zn SAC sites from the pyrolysis of ZIF-8 at different temperatures from 500 to 900 °C.…”