An Energy-Aware Multipath Routing Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Networks

Kim, Moonseong; Jeong, Eui-Hoon; Bang, Young-Cheol; Hwang, Seung Jae; Shin, Changsub; Jin, Gwang-Ja; Kim, Bongsoo

doi:10.1093/ietisy/e91-d.10.2419

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…DD (directed diffusion) [12] establishes the multipath transmission mode to deal with the node failure and topology changes through three phases: flooding the interests, establishing the gradient, and dynamically optimizing transmission routing. DD based multipath routing algorithm [8] strengthens the multiple paths with high quality and low transmission delay and [9] presents the DM based distributed multipath routing algorithm with high energy efficiency and scalable characteristic which can adjust data flow by the load balance mechanism. VR (distance vector routing) [10] that combines the coding algorithm and multipath transmission mechanism establishes paths by the light-weight flooding only when needing transmitting the data [11].…”

Section: Coding Based Multipath Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reliable transmission strategy with fault tolerance mainly contains multipath transmission routing, network coding, packets retransmission, and so forth [1,[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Unquestionably, the network has better performance when it adopts the optimal combination of some methods or combined control optimization with other layers [4,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gradient Based Multipath Reliable Transmission Strategy with Fault Tolerance for Wireless Sensor Networks

Xiong

Shi

et al. 2014

International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks

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Fault tolerance and reliable transmission are hot issues in wireless sensor networks. For the problems that the fault of nodes or links will affect the transmission stability and reliability of the network, a gradient based multipath reliable transmission strategy with fault tolerance is presented for wireless sensor networks. Firstly nonuniform clustering topology is established in nonequal clustering probability based on twice K-means algorithm. Then it calculates the comprehensive measurements (CM) of cluster heads by the quality evaluation function and establishes the contour lines. Finally gradient based multiple disjoint transmission paths are established by the mechanisms of load balance and linear erasure coding. It also establishes the transmission mathematical model to analyze the performance of the network. Simulation shows that this strategy has good performance of fault tolerance. It improves the transmission reliability of the network and energy efficiency.

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Section: Coding Based Multipath Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gradient Based Multipath Reliable Transmission Strategy with Fault Tolerance for Wireless Sensor Networks

Xiong

Shi

et al. 2014

International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks

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“…The combinations on the right of the curves can satisfy the required SDR, respectively. For example, if the required SDR does not exceed 0.975, the number of routes N and the number of subpackets K are the following combinations: (4,3), (2,4), (3,3), and so on. Then, the energy consumption can be obtained by substituting these variables in the formula.…”

Section: Optimal Combination Scheme Of Different Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multipath routing [1][2][3] is employed to increase reliability of wireless networks, and it creates several paths to the sink node for each source node. Several copies of the initial packets are transmitted through these paths.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Network coding-based multipath routing for energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks

Wang

Yang

Zhao

2012

J Wireless Com Network

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This article studies the energy efficiency of wireless sensor networks with network coding-based multipath routing (NCMR). The employed multipath model is braided multipath model, and the network coding scheme is random linear network coding. Braided multiple paths to the sink node are established for each source node, and the packets encoded at source nodes are transmitted on the braided multipath network. Then, intermediate nodes reencode the received packets and forward the new packets to next cluster. Finally, the sink node decodes the packets received from different paths and recovers the original data. When network coding is combined with multipath routing, the number of required routes and the total times of transmission in sensor networks are reduced, which leads energy consumption of NCMR lower than that of traditional multipath routing, and this is proved by the theoretical analysis results in this article. Meanwhile, results of the analysis show that NCMR provides more reliability. Extensive simulations are carried out, and the results are consistent with those of the theoretical analysis. Moreover, based on the study of the influence of different network parameters (e.g., number of hops, number of paths) on the performance of sensor networks, an optimal combination scheme of different parameters are proposed, which makes the network accomplish transmissions with less resource. Finally, in order to study the robustness of NCMR, some simulation experiments are carried out under special conditions such as interference on channels with memory, congested environments, and failed nodes, which show that NCMR is more effective in adapting to these scenarios.

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“…Some papers have considered energy efficiency when designing multi-path routing protocols in WSNs [7,8]. Another mechanism [9] was proposed to select multiple paths between one sink and multiple sources with the consideration of reducing collision at nodes that are receiving and forwarding packets (on behalf of the source nodes) in order to improve QoS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Path Routing Protocol with Unavailable Areas Identification in Wireless Sensor Networks

Gao

Yang

Zhang

et al. 2011

Wireless Pers Commun

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In wireless sensor networks, some areas often become unavailable due to the exhaustion of nodes' energy, congestion, or disaster. In this paper, we propose a new micro sensor multi-path routing protocol (MSMRP) to avoid the unavailable areas when constructing the routes. A neighbor node table exchanging mechanism in MSMRP is used to avoid the multiple paths intersect and to build a new route around the unavailable areas. We have implemented the proposed protocol in a network with real sensor nodes and conducted experiments to demonstrate the operation and the capability of the MSMRP. Furthermore, we illustrate the performance of MSMRP comparing to ad hoc on demand multi-path distance vector (AOMDV) routing protocol with NS-2 simulations.

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An Energy-Aware Multipath Routing Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Networks

Cited by 18 publications

References 24 publications

Gradient Based Multipath Reliable Transmission Strategy with Fault Tolerance for Wireless Sensor Networks

Gradient Based Multipath Reliable Transmission Strategy with Fault Tolerance for Wireless Sensor Networks

Network coding-based multipath routing for energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks

Multi-Path Routing Protocol with Unavailable Areas Identification in Wireless Sensor Networks

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